池上彰のニュースそうだったのか!! 2025年2月16日 今年は昭和100年！100年前、日本一人口が多い都市は東京じゃなかった!-日本はどう変わったのか、池上彰が解説！
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TVTranscript
00:00This year is the 100th year of Showa.
00:06How has Japan changed compared to 100 years ago?
00:12100 years ago, that is, 100 years before and after the Showa,
00:17Japan looked like this.
00:21Japan became unstable after the 3rd year of the Great Kanto Earthquake.
00:25Many people lost their jobs and faced many difficulties.
00:31What was the largest industry in Japan 100 years ago?
00:37What did Japan export the most 100 years ago?
00:43How much population did Japan have 100 years ago?
00:49How much average life expectancy did Japan have compared to 100 years ago?
00:55If you look at that, you can see that Japan is completely different from now.
01:04This year, 2025, is the 100th year of Showa.
01:10So it is also called the 100th year of Showa.
01:13How has Japan changed compared to 100 years ago?
01:17If we go back 100 years, it seems that many eras have changed.
01:22Is it Showa for us?
01:26I think it's a long time ago.
01:31It's strange because it's close to Showa.
01:35Anyway, I have an image of black and white.
01:39I was born in 1942, but my house is like a Karate gym.
01:45This year is the 100th year of Showa.
01:48What kind of country was Japan 100 years ago?
01:53Let's start with this episode when the Showa started.
01:59In the Showa era, there were only 7 days.
02:04Emperor Taisho was deposed on December 25, 1915.
02:10On that day, the Showa era began.
02:14So in the Showa era, there were only 7 days.
02:18And the end of the Showa era is 7 days.
02:23So in the Showa era and the Showa 64, it was 7 days.
02:29And in the Showa era, there was an event called the Fifth Law of the Century.
02:35Look at this.
02:36This is a daily newspaper in Tokyo.
02:40Emperor Taisho was deposed.
02:43Please look at this.
02:44It says, the Fifth Law of the Century.
02:46Did he make a mistake?
02:47He wrote, the Fifth Law of the Century.
02:51It was published by Gougai.
02:53When everyone started reading this, it became the Showa era.
02:59At that time, there was a Gougai magazine.
03:02This is the second issue of Gougai.
03:05It says, the Fifth Law of the Century.
03:08It was published by Gougai for a long time.
03:12But the Tokyo Daily News wrote a special issue called Koubun.
03:16So the government changed it to the Showa era in a hurry.
03:20There is a theory.
03:23In general, it is said to be the Fifth Law of the Century.
03:29This year is the 100th year of the Showa era.
03:32How much was the population of Japan 100 years ago?
03:37By the way, on January 1st this year, the population was 123.59 million.
03:44Let's say 70 million.
03:4670 million.
03:48I think it was about 50 million.
03:50That's not a lot.
03:51The answer is here.
03:5359,736,822.
03:58It is half of the current population.
04:02In the Showa era, the population continued to increase.
04:05It exceeded 100 million in 1967.
04:08The year of birth.
04:10The phenomenon continues to peak in 2008.
04:17Why do you know the detailed population of 100 years ago?
04:23I don't know.
04:24It doesn't seem to have a proper census like now.
04:29That's why the local government did their best.
04:36They counted it.
04:39I think Japan has a good census.
04:42Is that so?
04:44In fact, a national census started.
04:48A national census started in 1920.
04:52After that, a national census is conducted every five years.
04:57That's why there are so many detailed numbers.
05:01A national census is conducted every five years.
05:04This year is the year when a national census is conducted.
05:08October 1st is the date.
05:13October 1st is the date of the national census.
05:17In fact, it hasn't changed since the beginning of the Taisho era.
05:24It is said that autumn is suitable for a census.
05:28In Japan 100 years ago, there were many seasons in winter.
05:33It was too hot in summer, so it was difficult to go to a census.
05:37In spring, many people went on a trip.
05:40At that time, it was called Yusan.
05:42Many people went on a trip.
05:44In the end, autumn was good.
05:48Especially at that time, many people were farmers.
05:53October 1st is the season of agriculture.
05:56It is said that October 1st is good because it is just before the winter home.
06:04Then, where do you think was the most populated city in Japan 100 years ago?
06:13That's Tokyo.
06:16No, it wasn't.
06:19It wasn't Tokyo?
06:21Mr. Ukisho.
06:23It was Osaka.
06:26Really?
06:27Yes.
06:28There were about 2.1 million people in Osaka.
06:31There were about 2 million people in Tokyo.
06:34The Great Kanto Earthquake caused a lot of damage.
06:38Some people moved to Osaka.
06:43And Tokyo was different from now.
06:48Now it is called Tokyo 23-ku.
06:50At that time, it was called Tokyo City.
06:53There were only 15 districts.
06:56Tokyo City is only this.
06:58It's really the center.
07:00It wasn't Tokyo City.
07:02Shibuya station is off.
07:04So, Tokyo City had less population than Osaka City.
07:12Now, Tokyo 23-ku was established after the war.
07:16It was established in 1947.
07:22100 years ago, Shibuya station and Shinjuku station were both outside of Tokyo City.
07:29Not only that, there was another difference.
07:33Tokyo-to was Tokyo-fu.
07:37Until 100 years ago, Tokyo-to didn't exist.
07:41It was Tokyo-fu.
07:43There was Tokyo City in Tokyo-fu.
07:47Tokyo-to was established in 1943.
07:51It was in 1948.
07:53Tokyo-fu and Tokyo-City were double.
07:58It was too wasteful.
08:00So, Tokyo-to was established.
08:03There are Osaka and Koso.
08:06Osaka-fu and Osaka-City were double.
08:09So, they should be together.
08:11They should be like Tokyo-to.
08:13That's Osaka and Koso.
08:17This year is Showa 100.
08:20What kind of life did Japan have 100 years ago?
08:25The next Showa 100 is about average life expectancy.
08:30First, let's see how much it is now.
08:34The average life expectancy in 2023 is 81.09 years for men and 87.14 years for women.
08:45Mr. Matsushima, how much do you think it was 100 years ago?
08:49Mr. Otanobunaga said it was 50 years ago.
08:53So, it was about 73 years ago.
08:59Let's see.
09:01100 years ago, it was 44.82 years for men and 46.54 years for women.
09:09It's about half of what it is now.
09:11Why?
09:12If a child dies, will the average age go down?
09:14No.
09:15The average life expectancy is not the average age of a living person.
09:19The average life expectancy of a baby is the average life expectancy of a 0-year-old baby.
09:29So, even if a baby was born, there were a lot of people who died.
09:33Why is that?
09:35Because of malnutrition, or because there is no vaccine now.
09:39It was very normal for a baby to die of diarrhea.
09:44The current average life expectancy is about 2 out of 1,000.
09:49But 100 years ago, it was 141.7 out of 1,000.
09:5714%?
09:58That's a lot.
10:00So, if you live longer than that, you can live longer.
10:04Of course, there were people who lived 60 to 70 years.
10:09There is a term called old age.
10:11It means old age.
10:13Oh, I see.
10:15That's why it's called old age.
10:17It was said that it was rare to live to 70 years old.
10:20I see.
10:22That's what it was like at that time.
10:24The next topic is the name of a child.
10:30Here are the top three most popular names today.
10:35There are many names that are easy to pronounce, have a good sound, and make you think of nature.
10:42Let's start with the most popular name of the second year of the Showa era.
10:46The second year of the Showa era?
10:47Yes.
10:48There are only seven days in a year.
10:50What do you think the name of the most popular boy is?
10:54I think it's Taro or Ichiro.
10:56Wow.
10:57It's the second year of the Showa era, so it's Shoji.
11:01The second year of the Showa era.
11:04What was popular in the year when the year changed?
11:09Yes.
11:10That's amazing.
11:11It's Shoji.
11:14It's the second year of the Showa era, so it's Shoji.
11:16And then Akira.
11:17And then Kazuo in the Showa era.
11:19This is Kazuko, right?
11:21This is Akiko, right?
11:23The two letters of the Showa era are almost unique.
11:27One is the wish of the parents to have a good life with the new era,
11:33and the other is this reason.
11:37In fact, many people didn't know this character in the Showa era.
11:41What?
11:42Is it a new character?
11:43In the Showa era, there were four points.
11:45Everyone knew the Showa of Shomei,
11:47but when it was suddenly said that the new character was Showa,
11:50many people were surprised that there was such a feeling.
11:54Originally, it was taken from ancient China, right?
11:57So it was announced that it was made in the Showa era
12:01with the wish of bright knowledge and harmonious peace.
12:06From there, it became a boom and was used.
12:12In the original character, the ideal and wish of the era were included,
12:17and it was thought to be a word with good meaning.
12:22In the early Taisho era, the character of Sho was very popular.
12:27And in the early Showa era, the standard name of a girl was Marumaru-ko.
12:34I haven't heard much about it recently.
12:37When did it change?
12:40Let's go back to Heisei 2.
12:42It was so popular that children hated the name.
12:46I don't think it's in the book.
12:48No, it's not.
12:50Let's take a look at the characters from the Showa era.
12:54Here it is.
12:56In the early Showa era, all the characters were girls.
13:00From first to 10th place.
13:03There are still many.
13:05There are still many.
13:08In the early Showa era, Akemi appeared for the first time.
13:13Yukari, Naomi, Akemi, Mayumi, Naomi,
13:19Kaori, Megumi,
13:22There are more and more.
13:26And in the early Showa era, in 1986,
13:31It's completely gone.
13:34When a young girl died, she said,
13:36I'm jealous of ko.
13:38It might come back.
13:39There was a girl who said that.
13:41It's going to be popular again.
13:43Ko banare started in the Showa 40s.
13:48Famous people who can't say ko are often seen on TV.
13:53Other names other than ko have been added.
13:59After the Showa 100 years,
14:02Clothing.
14:05How was it before?
14:09There is a survey in 1925.
14:14The proportion of men walking on Ginza Street is 67%.
14:20What do you think the proportion of women was?
14:25I was impressed by the gorgeous clothes of women in this era.
14:32It's 90%.
14:35In the manga, there is a child in a gofukuya.
14:40If there is a gofukuya,
14:42I don't think it's that expensive.
14:46It's about 10% for 10 people.
14:49It's 1% for women.
14:52It's so low.
14:55Mr. Hotta, it's 1%.
14:58In the old days, there were many people in Japanese clothes.
15:03Why did men cheat so much?
15:07Because they are soldiers.
15:09I see.
15:10They are all soldiers.
15:13Men go to the army.
15:16They wear military clothes.
15:19In addition, it was adopted as a school uniform.
15:23That's why men wore military clothes.
15:27It's a formal style.
15:31It's called Nakaorebo.
15:34That's how it spread.
15:37On the other hand, among women in the urban area,
15:41there is a modern girl.
15:43These women are called Moga.
15:47Since then, it has become a symbol of modern culture in newspapers and magazines.
15:53It's a kind of gravure.
15:56From that time, they became cool people.
16:00Some people think they are cool.
16:03On the other hand, the conservative people say,
16:06They wear Western-style clothes.
16:09They abandon the tradition of Japan.
16:13The man in the back is looking at me with a stern look.
16:18He is Moga.
16:22In the early Showa period, especially in summer,
16:25this dress was popular among women.
16:30What was it called at that time?
16:33Do you know if you are in your 50s?
16:37Do you know what it is, Mr. Ijuni?
16:39It's an old word.
16:42That's right.
16:45My mother told me to wear it.
16:49Is it something you can wear quickly?
16:51I think so.
16:53It's easy to wear and wash without a belt.
16:56It's easy to get a cold.
16:58It's been 45 years since I said that.
17:01I want to say it.
17:03Me, too.
17:05When I talked about this, the staff said,
17:08It's nostalgic.
17:11This year is the 100th year of Showa.
17:14Everything has become convenient now.
17:18What kind of life was it 100 years ago?
17:24Electricity, water, and gas are commonly used now.
17:28What was it like 100 years ago?
17:31First of all, it's electricity.
17:33What do you think, Mr. Ijuni?
17:35I received an email on the radio the other day.
17:38I was asked what the most surprising electric appliance was.
17:43It was an 80-year-old woman who lived in the countryside.
17:47She wrote that electricity came.
17:50She said she was very impressed.
17:53I think it's very low.
17:55It's less than 10%.
17:57I see.
17:58Everyone thinks it's so low because it's 100 years ago.
18:02This is 87%.
18:05Is this in Tokyo?
18:07No, it's all over the country.
18:09When I went to the countryside, there was no electricity.
18:13It means that electricity has finally passed.
18:16I see.
18:18From the Taisho period to the early Showa period,
18:21the development of electricity was rapid,
18:24and the distribution rate improved.
18:28Now, most of the electricity is from thermal power generation,
18:33but 100 years ago, it was mainly from hydropower generation.
18:40In an area where electricity has finally come
18:43when the distribution to the countryside has progressed,
18:47the trend at that time was to light up the house with electricity.
18:52It was a time when people said,
18:54Oh, it's progressing.
18:57Electricity was quite widespread,
19:01but only a part of the metropolitan area could use water and gas.
19:08In the metropolitan area, which could use all three,
19:12there are many housewives who are very happy with the opening of gas.
19:16Why is that?
19:19It means that a gas furnace has come out.
19:23There is no need to start a fire.
19:26It means that it has become extremely convenient.
19:29In addition, gas has been used for stoves, stoves, and baths.
19:35It means that it is developing into an infrastructure that supports the lives of the people.
19:44100 years from now,
19:46the modernization of the metropolitan area has progressed rapidly.
19:51Then, what was the staple food of the Japanese 100 years ago?
19:57It's rice.
19:59I think they were already eating rice.
20:02That's right.
20:04It's rice.
20:06It's rice.
20:08It's rice.
20:10That's right, but at that time, there was a lot of wheat.
20:15White rice was a luxury.
20:19In particular, in the rural areas,
20:21rice is often used as staple food for wheat rice because it is for sale.
20:27When preparing a large amount of food, such as military and school lunches,
20:32cheap wheat was used to reduce the cost.
20:38Because they were grateful for white rice,
20:41they didn't want to stain their house.
20:46They didn't want to stain their house.
20:49It's impossible to sprinkle it on the floor.
20:51There were such otakus.
20:53They were grateful for the silver rice.
20:56That's right.
20:58In general, rice was the staple food,
21:01pickles and miso soup,
21:03and fish and vegetables were the side dishes.
21:06They were 11 years old.
21:09It's easy.
21:11It's easy.
21:13I think it's easy.
21:15I wish I could go back.
21:17I don't think it's healthy.
21:21In the city's restaurants,
21:23Western food such as curry rice and croquettes became popular.
21:29This is a Shiseido parlor.
21:32Everyone is dressed up and coming to eat Western food.
21:37Around this time, children's lunches also appeared.
21:43At this time, processed meat such as ham and sausage became popular.
21:48It was a time when meat food gradually expanded.
21:53Speaking of staple foods other than rice,
21:56there is bread.
21:58The fact that bread became popular
22:00is because of something we have experienced.
22:05Bread became popular with Western food and meat food.
22:12In the early Showa period,
22:14it is said that there were more bakeries in the city.
22:19What do you think made bread more popular?
22:26I see.
22:27Was it school lunch?
22:28Yes, it was school lunch.
22:30I see.
22:31It is said that it was the strategy of the United States
22:34that bread was served at school lunch.
22:38Bread served at school lunch that children ate after the war.
22:43How is it related to the United States?
22:47Japan after the war was a serious food.
22:51At any rate, Japan was burned in the air.
22:54At that time, after the end of the war,
22:56Japanese people from China and Southeast Asia came back together.
23:01Therefore, there was not enough food.
23:04On the other hand, there was a lot of wheat left in the United States.
23:08The strategy of the United States was to sell the remaining wheat to Japan
23:12and to make Japanese people have a habit of eating bread.
23:16This was the strategy of the United States.
23:20This kind of thing spread all over the country.
23:23It is called a nutritionist.
23:26It is now called a kitchener.
23:28There are a lot of people here.
23:31Nutritionists and health care workers
23:34introduce nutritious recipes using wheat
23:37such as how to make bread,
23:39how to make udon,
23:41or how to make pancakes.
23:44They introduce nutritious recipes using wheat flour.
23:50It is said that Japan lost the war because it ate only rice.
23:55That's why Japan lost to the United States,
23:57and that's why bread began to be served at school lunches.
24:07In the 1940s, bread spread all over Japan.
24:14Now, bread is bought more than rice.
24:20When do you think bread took out the rice?
24:25I think it's because people eat bread.
24:31I think it was around 1975.
24:34I think it was around the time of the Spring Bread Festival in Yamazaki.
24:39I think it was before that.
24:42It was in 2011.
24:44So it was recently.
24:46Yes, it was recently.
24:48That's why bread was taken out.
24:50One of the reasons was that the price of bread was high.
24:53It was because the price of bread was high.
24:57When people started to eat bread,
24:59the consumption of rice decreased.
25:01So they started to serve rice at school lunches.
25:04It was a little before that.
25:07That's how it started.
25:10We've seen a lot of things from 100 years ago.
25:13But was it really like that in the early Showa period?
25:16We asked the person who was born in Taisho.
25:21Fujioka City, Gunma Prefecture
25:26This old lady is in charge of serving and cooking at this ramen shop.
25:34I'm 102 years old.
25:38She was born in Taisho and is 102 years old.
25:41But she's still active.
25:44She helps out 6 shops a week.
25:47She even has a heavy iron pot.
25:50I'm grateful that you help out at the shop.
25:53It helps.
25:54I have a habit of doing push-ups.
25:57It's been a habit for a week.
26:00She doesn't just do push-ups.
26:03You don't wear glasses?
26:04No, I don't.
26:05That's amazing.
26:06I can't even see my eyes.
26:08I was told to do push-ups.
26:10When I think about it,
26:12I've never had any problems with my intestines.
26:18We asked Fuku, who was 3 years old in the Showa period,
26:21what it was like in the early Showa period.
26:26Was there a tap?
26:29There was no tap.
26:30There was no water.
26:32There was no well.
26:33In Fujioka, there are a lot of underground wells.
26:36You have to dig deep to get water.
26:39It was very difficult to get water.
26:45How about gas?
26:48Not at all.
26:50I didn't want to go to a place where there was no water or gas.
26:56When we brought the coal,
26:58we brought charcoal, firewood, and small branches.
27:04We burned them all.
27:06That's why we don't have bamboo now.
27:11When there was no water or gas,
27:13what did you think was a luxury?
27:18We didn't eat at meat restaurants.
27:21It was a luxury.
27:23I was happy to hear that meat was included in curry.
27:27Then, everyone started eating meat.
27:31By the way, how much was your allowance?
27:33My allowance?
27:34It was 2,000 yen a day.
27:36When I had 2,000 yen,
27:38I got 4 candy balls.
27:43When did you start wearing Western-style clothes?
27:49When I was in elementary school, I wore everything.
27:52When I was in 6th grade,
27:55I was wearing Western-style clothes in my graduation photo,
27:58but none of my classmates wore it.
28:00Have you ever heard of Appa Appa?
28:02Appa Appa?
28:04I don't think I've heard of Appa Appa.
28:09Was it famous?
28:10Yes, it was.
28:13What was the news?
28:16My father liked to buy fashionable things,
28:21so he put a radio in front of the house.
28:23There was no house with a radio.
28:25We had our own radio,
28:27so when it was evening,
28:29everyone came to listen to the radio.
28:31In the summer, everyone brought their own radio.
28:33That's how I heard a lot of news.
28:35You were a ghost, weren't you?
28:41Let's listen to the most surprising news in her 102-year life.
28:48The war started when I was in 2nd grade.
28:53I think it was July 12th.
28:57Oh, I see.
28:59It was the end of the Second World War.
29:02I thought it would be a piece of cake,
29:04so I didn't think I would be able to use it.
29:09War is not a war that should be fought.
29:12The soldiers were great.
29:14There was nothing to eat during the war.
29:18Well, well.
29:20I had a great life.
29:23At the end, she asked this.
29:27Is there anything you want to ask Mr. Ikegami?
29:30Well, I'm a short-lived person.
29:36You saw Mr. Ikegami's commentary, didn't you?
29:38I saw it, but I forgot everything.
29:44What is the secret of Choju?
29:47I think working is one of the ways to prevent aging.
29:53Please live a regular life.
29:57Thank you for your words.
29:59Thank you for your words.
30:01I really live an irregular life.
30:03I will tell you the news in a regular and easy-to-understand way,
30:07so please don't forget it.
30:10Episode 1
30:13This year is the 100th year of Showa.
30:16How has the way of working changed?
30:20100 years ago, more than half of the people working in Japan were
30:26in the primary industries such as agriculture.
30:32The whole country was revolving around agriculture.
30:38There were many people who lived on their own.
30:46As the economy developed,
30:49industrialization and commercialization progressed,
30:53and the gap between rural areas and cities widened.
31:00It is said that the current farmers lack serious human resources.
31:05Let's take a look at the current ratio.
31:14The industrial structure has changed a lot.
31:19It is becoming more and more common to work in the tertiary industries.
31:24The way of working has also changed a lot.
31:29The way of working has changed a lot in 100 years.
31:35What kind of job do young people long for?
31:41Nowadays, both men and women prefer office workers.
31:46It is said that the reason is that it is stable.
31:52You underestimate office workers.
31:55Everyone has a different image of an office worker.
31:58In other words, they can do various jobs.
32:01I think that's what it means.
32:05100 years ago,
32:07in the data of Showa 8,
32:10what kind of job do you want to be popular with?
32:14Here it is.
32:17The first place is hidden.
32:22The first place for women is
32:25education.
32:27Teachers were overwhelmingly popular.
32:31Let me give you an example.
32:34In the old days, middle school was a secondary school.
32:37Now it is a high school from middle school.
32:40When you graduate from middle school, you can get a job.
32:43Or you can go to a girls' school.
32:46It is a very fortunate family.
32:49100 years ago,
32:51what kind of job do you think was popular with middle school students?
32:57I think it's the same education.
33:00Is it in the 4th place?
33:02It's true.
33:03I didn't release two songs.
33:06What is it?
33:08I think it's a soldier.
33:10A soldier.
33:13That's right.
33:14For boys at that time,
33:16the job was a soldier.
33:19Soldiers had a very high social status.
33:22They were respected.
33:25Salaries were stable.
33:27After retirement, only soldiers received pension.
33:31There was no pension system at that time.
33:34Soldiers were stable until old age.
33:38That's why they were popular.
33:42Next, let's look at Japan 100 years ago.
33:48The national budget of Japan 100 years ago was about 1.6 billion yen.
33:54This is about one-hundredth of the current national budget.
33:59What do you think was the most?
34:05By the way, the current top three taxes are
34:08consumption tax, income tax, and legal tax.
34:14What?
34:15Is there a consumption tax in that era?
34:18No.
34:19What?
34:20I don't know.
34:22I don't know at all.
34:24What?
34:25I don't know at all.
34:28There was a lot of agriculture.
34:33It's not a fixed income tax.
34:36Is it a land tax?
34:38I think I know.
34:41It's a land tax.
34:43That's right.
34:46Land tax, income tax, and public tax.
34:50I've heard of it.
34:52At that time, income tax included legal tax.
34:55Even if income tax and legal tax were included,
34:58land tax was more expensive.
35:01Was it expensive?
35:02Did you drink a lot?
35:03I drank a lot.
35:05At that time, alcohol was a necessity for many people.
35:11There were a lot of farmers and bodybuilders.
35:15There was not much entertainment.
35:19Drinking alcohol was a lot of fun.
35:25At that time, there was a tax on land
35:28that was the current fixed income tax called land tax.
35:33Opposition from these people.
35:36At that time, there were a lot of land owners.
35:39So, the members of the National Assembly opposed
35:42the tax on fixed income tax, which is now called land tax.
35:47Everyone said it was a tax on land.
35:52But even now, don't alcohol and tobacco
35:54raise taxes immediately?
35:56Don't they raise the price?
35:58They do.
35:59But now, it's not a necessity.
36:05I didn't expect it to be the top.
36:07Me, neither.
36:10And 100 years ago, there was such a tax.
36:15100 Years of Showa
36:39This year is the 100th year of Showa.
36:43In the 15th year of Taisho, 100 years ago,
36:46there was a new tax called Seiryouinryouzei.
36:53What kind of drink was this tax on?
36:59I thought it was mineral water.
37:02Yes.
37:03Mr. Okita, what's the reason?
37:05They wanted to take tax from mineral water.
37:09At first, I thought it was all mineral water.
37:12But I thought it was the most surprising mineral water.
37:16I thought it was cider.
37:18That's a lot.
37:20Orange juice is just like powder juice.
37:24Cider has a different name.
37:26It's a drink with a b-ball.
37:28Ramune?
37:29Ramune.
37:30It's an image of drinking that a lot.
37:33I also have the image of drinking ramune.
37:36It's a drink with a b-ball.
37:38It's something to cool down.
37:40It's very luxurious.
37:42I thought it was a tax.
37:44That's exactly right.
37:46It was a condition to include carbon dioxide.
37:51So only carbonated drinks became the target.
37:55Mr. Okita, there was no mineral water at that time.
37:59It's really recent.
38:01It's very recent.
38:03I see.
38:05There was no idea to buy mineral water with money.
38:08I see.
38:10Cider, citron, and ginger ale were mass-produced and sold.
38:17It was a luxury.
38:23To increase the country's income,
38:26they did this 100 years ago.
38:30They were active in the inbound.
38:34100 years ago.
38:36Especially since the Meiji era,
38:39they were promoting foreigners to come to Japan as a part of the country.
38:46In 1912, Japan Tourist Bureau was created.
38:50It was a group that introduced Japan to foreigners and gave them a tour.
38:56In short, Japan Tourist Bureau.
39:03It's JTB.
39:05At first, it was an international company.
39:07Now, it's a private company.
39:09Why did they call it JTB?
39:12It started with Japan Tourist Bureau.
39:17In 1930, the government established the International Tourism Bureau.
39:24Now, it's called the Tourism Bureau.
39:29Why was it so active in promoting foreign tourists 100 years ago?
39:35The Great Kanto Earthquake cost a lot of money to recover.
39:40The importation of materials was increasing,
39:43which led to a big problem in international investment.
39:46So they focused on international tourism
39:49and wanted foreigners to spend a lot of money.
39:53They were trying to help improve international investment.
39:58By developing the tourism industry,
40:01they wanted to increase the country's income.
40:10This year is the 100th year of Showa.
40:14What did Japan do with foreigners 100 years ago?
40:19Let's start with this.
40:23100 years ago, how many countries were there in the world?
40:27How many?
40:28Is the U.S. independent?
40:30Yes, it is.
40:32Currently, there are 196 countries in the world.
40:38On the other hand, there are 193 member states.
40:43How many countries were there in the world?
40:47120.
40:49I don't think there are many countries in the world.
40:52I don't think there are many countries in the world.
40:56I think there were 70 countries.
41:02That's a lot.
41:04Wow, I lost.
41:06There were 70 countries in the world.
41:10Oxford University's Our World in Data
41:14shows the world we live in today.
41:18100 years ago, there were 68 countries in the world.
41:22At that time, there were 54 member states of the International Union.
41:27There were about 30 countries in Japan.
41:33Especially 100 years ago, there were many people,
41:37so there were few countries.
41:40What kind of trade did Japan do with foreigners 100 years ago?
41:48Let's take a look at the export and import goods of Japan at that time.
41:54I think the import goods were liquor.
41:58Because you drink a lot.
42:00Because I drink a lot of liquor,
42:02I thought they were importing liquor from other countries.
42:07Weapons.
42:09Which one? Export, import, which one?
42:11Export.
42:12Export is weapons.
42:14What about import?
42:15Import is gasoline and oil.
42:24Export is fiber.
42:30What about import?
42:32Cars?
42:34Not yet.
42:35Not yet?
42:36Not yet for cars.
42:38Then coal.
42:40Coal was mined in many countries in Japan.
42:43Wheat.
42:44But people didn't eat bread yet.
42:48Export and import goods are here.
42:52Export goods are wood.
42:55Import goods are cotton.
42:57So export and import goods are fiber.
43:03What about Tomioka Market?
43:05Tomioka Market.
43:08Tomioka Market was built in Meiji.
43:11So it was in full swing.
43:15In other words, 100 years ago,
43:17Japan was the largest industry in terms of jewelry and textile industry.
43:25That means Japanese wood was very popular in the world.
43:31What do you think the reason is?
43:35It's not a guarantee that Japanese wood is produced in large quantities.
43:39But it was of good quality.
43:41In terms of the world standard.
43:43It's high quality and cheap.
43:46Japanese products.
43:48In fact, at that time,
43:50the disease of lung cancer was popular in the world's textile industry.
43:55The world's textile industry was severely damaged.
43:59That's why Japanese wood was popular in the world.
44:05Japan became the largest exporter of wood in the world.
44:10From there, foreign goods came in more and more.
44:13Japan began to develop.
44:18The situation continued until the end of the war.
44:21In the post-war period of high economic growth,
44:24the export of machinery, household appliances, and automobiles increased.
44:31So, 100 years ago,
44:33where do you think Japan's trading partners were the most?
44:39China.
44:42The UK.
44:45I have a good image.
44:47It's like this.
44:49The export was the first, America.
44:51The second was China.
44:53It's not the People's Republic of China now.
44:56The third is the UK.
44:58But it's close to the UK and India.
45:01It's before independence.
45:03The export was the first, America.
45:05The second was the UK and India.
45:07The third was China.
45:11So, Japan's trade is still very important.
45:14America and China are very important countries.
45:17In fact, it was the same 100 years ago.
45:20That's how I see it.