Ang kauna-unahang Miss Philippines na si Pura Villanueva Kalaw, kinikilalang isa rin sa mga pinakamatatalinong babae ng kaniyang panahon. Kaya nang ipaglaban niya ang karapatang bumoto ng mga babae, nakinig ang lahat.
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00:00Hello, Podmates! I'm Howie Severino and welcome to our new podcast series,
00:04mga kwento ng kasaysayan na may koneksyon pa rin sa kasulukuyan.
00:09Enjoy listening!
00:10Noong 1937, nagbutohan ng mga babaeng Pilipino kung makakabotos sila sa halala.
00:17Isang plebisito ang isinagawa para alamin kung nais ba nila ang karapatang ito.
00:23300,000 yes votes na mga babae ang kailangan para makabotos sila sa susunod na halala.
00:31Ilang kababaihang Pilipino kaya ang sumuporta sa panwakala?
00:35Sino yung beauty queen noon na nangampanya para sa karapatan ng mga babae?
00:40Sasagutin natin yan at marami pang katanungan.
00:43Noong second day ng registration, noong first day, mababa yung nabilang ng babae na nag-register.
00:54Noong second day na, maabot ng around 500,000 yung babae na nag-register.
01:00So, tontuwa na sila kasi malamang naman na maabot yung 300,000.
01:03So, finally, noong April 30, pagkatapos ng plebisit at lumabas siya yung risulta,
01:09around 447,000 yung nag-vote ng yes and around 44,000 yung nag-vote ng no
01:16and around mga 4,000 yung nag-abstay.
01:18So, tontuwa sila.
01:19Sabi nga ni Pura Villanueva Calao doon sa kanyang akda na ito na yung pinakamaligayang araw ng aming buhay
01:25kasi nagtagumpay sila doon sa kanilang ipinaglala.
01:29This is 1937.
01:30April 30, 1937, after no results ng plebisit.
01:35Of course, mahalaga na kilalanin natin yung efforts ng ating mga suffragists.
01:41Nakadalasan, hindi naman na-discuss ito sa Philippine history, itong part na ito ng ating kasaysayan.
01:48Pero, sa pagbabasa ng mga dokumento tungkol dito,
01:53narealize ko na lalaki pa rin yung nabibigyan ng credit
01:57doon sa women's suffrage movement, doon sa tagumpay nila.
02:00Kasi, for example, si Manuel Alquezon, parang siya yung talagang minibigyan ng credit dito
02:07kasi under his presidency na ibigay na allow yung kababaihan.
02:11Siyang pumilman sa bagas.
02:12At siya, sa mga pictures, makikita mo talaga si Quezon.
02:17Yung sumuporta talaga dito sa mga kababaihan.
02:20Although, meron talagang mga lalaki na supporters.
02:23Like, yung mga mababata, si Rafael Palma, Pedro Sison, Marcelo Bongcan.
02:30And of course, yung mga American governors general natin,
02:35like si Francis Burton Harrison, Leonard Wood, Theodore Roosevelt Jr.,
02:44and then Frank Murphy, yung mga sumuporta ito sa women's suffrage movement.
02:48Pero, nakakalungkot lang na parang sila yung nagtitake ng credit
02:56doon sa women's suffrage movement.
02:57Pero, even yung mga suffragists, sila yung pinapasalamatan.
03:02Like, itong book ni Encarnacion Alzona on the Filipino woman,
03:06dinedicate niya kay Quezon.
03:08Sabi niya, napakalaki ng ambag ni Quezon doon sa pag-enfranchise nga ng Filipino women.
03:15So, I think, dapat naman natin bigyan ng credit itong mga lalaki na sumuporta sa kanila.
03:20Pero, mas dapat natin kilalanin yung ambag ng ating kababaihan
03:25sa pakikipaglaban para sa pagboto.
03:27So, sa mga kababaihan, sino dapat ang mabigyan ng credit sa kasaysayan?
03:35Of course, Concepcion Felix bilang nagtatag na unang asosasyong feminista,
03:41Pura Villeneuve-Bacalao, Pilar Hidalgo Lim, Sofia De Vera,
03:46yan ay ilan lamang sa mga may tuturing natin na mga talagang dapat kilalanin na nagkampanya
03:55para magkaroon ng karapatan sa pagboto ang kababaihan.
03:59And then, of course, si Maria Paz Mendoza-Guason.
04:02Kasi, ang ginawa nila, bukod sa naglalabi sila sa Congress,
04:06nag-publish sila ng women's magazines during that time.
04:09Yung Women's Home, saka yung Women's Home Journal, saka Women's World.
04:15Pinapublish sila dito yung speeches nila, yung essays nila,
04:18on bakit kailangan na bigyan ng karapatan sa pagboto ang kababaihan.
04:21And then, there was this quote from Dr. Maria Paz Mendoza-Guason,
04:27na unang babaeng doktor naman natin na graduate dito sa Pilipinas,
04:30sa UP College of Med.
04:32Sabi niya,
04:34ang aking kusinero, ang aking driver na lalaki,
04:38ang aking hardinero,
04:39ay nakakaboto.
04:41Bakit ako, na babae, na nagpapasweldo sa kanila,
04:44at ang mga kapako babae,
04:46ay hindi mabigyan ng karapatan sa pagboto?
04:48So, yung realization niya na yun, siguro yun yung isa sa mga nag-udyok sa kanya
04:52para talagang maging aktibo dito sa kampanya,
04:54para mabigyan ng karapatan sa pagboto ang kababaihan.
04:58Mahalagang yugto ito sa kasaysayan ng bansa.
05:01Pero isa rin pala ang Pilipinas sa nangunang bansa sa Asia
05:05sa pagbibigay karapatan sa kababaihan na makaboto.
05:09Sa Asia, isa tayo dun sa mga leading countries talaga
05:14na unang nag-allow ng women's suffrage sa Pilipinas.
05:18So, 1924, I think Mongolia,
05:22and then 1932, Thailand, and then 1937, Pilipinas.
05:25So, nauna tayo sa China, Japan, Korea,
05:29all of those other countries you did not mention?
05:31Yes.
05:32Nauna tayo sa Asia.
05:34Isa tayo sa mga unang nag-enfranchise sa women dito sa Asia.
05:38So, I think may pagmamalaki natin.
05:40And of course, West Asia, medyo late sila.
05:43Hindi nagtagal, nagsimula na rin humawak ang mga kababaihan
05:47ng mga matataas na tungkulin sa gobyerno.
05:50Agad na ipinakinabangan ng kababaihan yung karapatan sa pagboto.
05:56Like, 1937, nagkaroon na tayo ng first Filipino city councilor,
06:02si Carmen Planas, sa Manila.
06:0419?
06:051937.
06:07December, nagkaroon na agad ng elections for local elections.
06:09Oo, kasi alam ko, pinirmahan yung batas.
06:11December.
06:12December ba?
06:13Kasi April, April yung plebisito.
06:16Yung plebisite.
06:16I think September, pinirmahan.
06:18September yung batas.
06:19December may elections na.
06:20May local elections.
06:21Nagkaroon na agad.
06:22Noong 1941,
06:24nahalal si Elisa Ochoa,
06:26ang kauna-unahang babae sa kongreso,
06:30at ang first Filipino senator
06:31na luklok noong 1947,
06:34si Jeronima Pekson.
06:36And of course,
06:371986, alam natin,
06:38nagkaroon tayo ng unang babaeng pangulo
06:39sa katauhan ni Corrie Aquino.
06:42So, basically,
06:43masasabi natin na agad naman na
06:45nag-benefit ang women
06:47dito sa pagkakamit ng karapatan sa pagboto noong 1937.
06:51Kasi may mga babae na tayo na
06:53na iupo, no,
06:55na ihalal sa posisyon.
06:56May utang laloob sila
06:58sa mga pioneer ng suffragist movement sa bansa.
07:01Katulad ni Pura Bininueva Cala,
07:03asawa ng tanyag na journalist
07:05na si Teodoro M. Calao.
07:07Nakilala si Pura
07:08hindi lang dahil sa kanyang talino.
07:10Gusto ko nang banggitin na
07:12itong si Pura Bininueva,
07:14she was among the first feminists
07:16who were advocating
07:18the women's right to vote.
07:20Pero siya rin ang
07:21kinikilalang pinakaunang Miss Philippines.
07:23Yes.
07:24So, beauty queen din siya
07:25at the same time,
07:26she was this very prominent civic leader
07:29at a very young age, no?
07:30Early 20s pa siya
07:32nung naging leader siya
07:33nitong women's movement sa atin.
07:35Yes, oo nga.
07:36Siya yung nanalo sa
07:37siya yung unang
07:39Manila Carnival Queen, 1908.
07:42So, talagang
07:42si Pura Bininueva Calao
07:44ayahangaan mo siya
07:45dahil hindi lamang matapang,
07:47hindi lamang matalino, no?
07:50Mamaganda pa siya
07:51at nanalo nga siya dito
07:52sa tinuturing na unang
07:54beauty pageant, no?
07:55sa Pilipinas.
07:57Ang Manila Carnival Queen,
07:58ang kauna-unang
07:59beauty contest sa bansa.
08:01Mas kilala na ito ngayon
08:03bilang Miss Philippines.
08:05Para mas makilala si
08:06Pura Bininueva Calao,
08:08makakasama natin
08:09ang kanyang apo sa tuhod,
08:11si Katrina Limcawco.
08:12I want to talk to you
08:13about your great-grandmother,
08:15your lola Pura Calao, no?
08:17So, tell me about her.
08:18What would you want
08:19others to know about her?
08:22You know, she's known
08:23in history as the woman
08:27in the forefront
08:28of women's suffrage
08:30and all that.
08:31So, I think that's
08:32what most people
08:33would know about her
08:34in history books.
08:35For me, I think
08:36I'd like people to know
08:37that there was
08:38other things aside from that
08:39because not only
08:41was she civic-minded
08:42and she fought for the vote
08:44for the women,
08:45but she was also
08:46a successful businesswoman
08:49and, you know,
08:51was the reason
08:52why her family,
08:54she was the breadwinner
08:54of her family.
08:55And then even before that,
08:57she came from Iloilo
08:59and had the upbringing
09:01of a, you know,
09:03one of the finishing schools
09:04and of a very young lady.
09:06So, it was a very, very,
09:07I thought,
09:08very different path
09:10that she forged
09:11just based from her
09:13Iloilo roots
09:14all the way to,
09:16you know,
09:17women's suffrage.
09:19So, she took
09:20a different path, no?
09:22So, how different was it
09:24from other women
09:26of the time?
09:27Well, you know,
09:28she was born
09:291886
09:32and at that time,
09:34you know,
09:34women were sent
09:35to school to,
09:37you know,
09:37to be,
09:37the finishing school
09:38and to be married
09:39and were taught,
09:41you know,
09:41taught to be good wives
09:43and all that.
09:44And I think
09:45because,
09:46well, one,
09:46she looked,
09:47you know,
09:47she was half Spanish
09:49because her mother
09:50was full Spanish.
09:50So, she came out,
09:51she was very tall,
09:52she was mestiza,
09:54she was very,
09:55so from the get-go,
09:56she was very unusual
09:58and her father
10:00brought her up that way.
10:02You know,
10:02he brought her up
10:03as like a tomboy,
10:05encouraged reading
10:08and schooling
10:09and even though
10:10if she,
10:11you know,
10:11there wasn't much education
10:13after that finishing school,
10:16she was at,
10:17I think,
10:17age 18,
10:19already,
10:19she already joined
10:20the newspaper
10:21to be a journalist
10:22or to be a writer,
10:23which was very unusual
10:24because, you know,
10:25usually probably
10:26would get married
10:26or something.
10:27So, here she was working
10:28for, I think,
10:29a rival newspaper
10:31of her father's,
10:32frankly.
10:33So, that was very,
10:34that was very interesting
10:35and so,
10:36from that young age
10:37at 18 years old,
10:38she was already
10:38very strong-minded,
10:40she already had
10:40her own opinions
10:41and she was very liberal.
10:43So, I think,
10:44from that age,
10:45already,
10:45it was a different,
10:46different road
10:48from most women
10:49at that age,
10:50at that time.
10:51It would even be
10:51different today
10:52at 18.
10:53We already have a column
10:54in, I mean,
10:54it was not a newspaper
10:56for her college
10:57or her school,
10:58no?
10:58It was a real
10:59Oh, it was a real
11:00newspaper, yeah,
11:01definitely.
11:02She had an opinion column
11:03and everything,
11:04so, at 18,
11:05but, you know,
11:06not that time.
11:07Yeah, and by age 20,
11:09she already had a reputation
11:11and apparently,
11:12she was already
11:13kind of famous
11:14because as a,
11:16as a young woman
11:18achiever
11:19and at the same time
11:20because, you know,
11:21she had mestiza looks
11:22and, you know,
11:24apparently,
11:24she was considered
11:25very attractive.
11:28When she showed up
11:29in Manila
11:29to give a lecture,
11:31ang daming dumating, no?
11:32Yeah, she was writing
11:33so much,
11:34so already her writings
11:35were quite popular.
11:37So, she was known
11:38as a writer
11:38and an attractive writer
11:41and, and could
11:43also orate,
11:44you know,
11:44she was,
11:45she could speak
11:45three languages,
11:47English, Spanish
11:48and, and Visayan,
11:49I think,
11:50or Tagalog.
11:51So,
11:52and then eventually
11:53Tagalog when she married.
11:55So, yeah,
11:56so, yeah,
11:57you have this tall,
11:58attractive,
11:59mestiza,
12:00gracious
12:01with, you know,
12:02all the,
12:03all the education
12:05of a,
12:05of a,
12:06of a well-brought-up lady
12:08you know,
12:09who speaks
12:09three languages.
12:10Of course,
12:11she's,
12:11she's unusual
12:12and she would
12:13attract attention.
12:14Yeah,
12:14and at that lecture
12:15in Manila
12:16that attracted,
12:17you know,
12:18newspaper people
12:19to,
12:19you know,
12:20to cover the lecture,
12:21in the crowd
12:23was her future husband,
12:25your great-grandfather,
12:27no?
12:27Teodoro M. Cala,
12:28who already had
12:29a reputation as well,
12:30no?
12:30Yeah, yeah.
12:31As a rising
12:33newspaper editor,
12:35journalist,
12:35and journalists
12:36were also kind of
12:37celebrities at that time.
12:38Yes, they were,
12:39yeah.
12:39Oh,
12:40there were no
12:40TV personalities
12:41or news anchors
12:43there,
12:43the periodists,
12:44they were the
12:45famous journalists
12:46there,
12:47and very,
12:48very well-respected
12:49also,
12:49yeah,
12:50and he was
12:50the editor,
12:51yeah.
12:52That's right,
12:52and he was,
12:53he was kind of
12:53smitten
12:54back then,
12:56so,
12:56there was rumors
12:58that he was
12:58seeing someone
12:59at the same time
13:02and then he met
13:02Pura,
13:03so,
13:04I don't know
13:05what happened there.
13:06I guess he's,
13:07that's why,
13:09I mean,
13:09that's what happens
13:10when you're smitten,
13:10you kind of forget
13:11everyone else.
13:13Well,
13:13my Lola makes it out
13:15as,
13:15of course,
13:16you know,
13:16my PVK,
13:18Pura,
13:18was very beautiful,
13:19but it really was
13:20more a love match
13:22of the minds
13:23because they were
13:23both intellectuals
13:25and they both,
13:25you know,
13:26they could converse
13:27for hours,
13:29you know,
13:29he would,
13:31there was some stories
13:32about him visiting her
13:33and they would sit
13:34in that window
13:35of the second floor
13:36and people would see him
13:37and they would just
13:38be talking,
13:39talking.
13:39It was really,
13:41he found her such
13:42a great conversationalist
13:43and,
13:44and it doesn't hurt
13:46that she was beautiful
13:47also,
13:48right?
13:49So,
13:49so there,
13:50so that's,
13:50I think,
13:51what,
13:51what,
13:51what really attracted him.
13:53I mean,
13:54because I think he,
13:56you know,
13:56he was seeing
13:56other beautiful women,
13:58but as I said,
13:59my,
13:59my,
14:00my great grandmother
14:01is outspoken,
14:03independent minded,
14:04liberal,
14:05and eloquent.
14:06So,
14:07you know,
14:08that's what I think
14:08he found very interesting.
14:10Sabi mo nga,
14:10they had a kind of
14:11a meeting of,
14:12of,
14:12of minds,
14:13but at the same time,
14:14they came from
14:15two different worlds.
14:16Your,
14:17your great grandmother
14:18came from an elite family
14:20in Iloilo.
14:22They were quite
14:23wealthy there
14:24and Teodoro Calao,
14:26I mean,
14:26they were not poor
14:27in Batangas.
14:28I mean,
14:28his,
14:29his father was kind of
14:30the equivalent
14:31of the town mayor
14:32of Lipa.
14:33Yes,
14:33Valerio.
14:34Oh,
14:34si Valerio.
14:36However,
14:37they were not considered
14:38on the same level
14:39in terms of wealth
14:40and elite status
14:42as the Villanuevas
14:44in Iloilo.
14:45Well,
14:46you know,
14:46I think
14:47TM Calao
14:49was portrayed
14:49as just a poor
14:50newspaper man.
14:51I mean,
14:52like his,
14:52his,
14:53his family
14:53may have been
14:54elite in Lipa,
14:57which,
14:57you know,
14:57Valerio Calao was,
14:58yes,
14:59he was the personality
14:59there,
15:00but in terms of
15:01him,
15:02himself,
15:03his profession
15:03was just a writer
15:05and a newspaper man
15:07and that's not,
15:08it's not like a doctor
15:09or a,
15:10you know,
15:10a lawyer,
15:11you know,
15:11just those elite
15:12professions back then.
15:14Well,
15:14on her end,
15:15yes,
15:16the Villanuevas
15:17were quite
15:18well off
15:20in Iloilo,
15:21but her
15:22mother
15:23was actually
15:24not well
15:25looked upon
15:25by the Villanuevas.
15:26So,
15:27I think she grew
15:28up not
15:29feeling wealthy,
15:31you know,
15:31so I don't think
15:32she had that
15:33elitista
15:34air,
15:36and it's just,
15:37you know,
15:37from my
15:38conjection,
15:38because,
15:39because she was
15:40brought up so
15:40simply by her
15:41mother,
15:42by her Spanish
15:42mother.
15:43So,
15:44maybe there,
15:44yes,
15:45there was a
15:45meeting of
15:45minds,
15:46and at least
15:46there was no
15:47horrific reaction
15:48to someone
15:49wealthy versus
15:50someone who's
15:51not wealthy,
15:52because I don't
15:53think they saw
15:53each other as
15:54that.
15:55Yeah,
15:55but at the
15:56same time,
15:57there was
15:58some opposition
15:59from Pura's
16:00family,
16:01because of
16:02that.
16:03Well,
16:03aside from
16:03the fact
16:04that,
16:04you know,
16:04he comes
16:05from Luzon
16:05in general,
16:07I mean,
16:07I'm sure
16:08someone like
16:09Pura,
16:10you know,
16:10being kind
16:11of,
16:11I'm sure
16:11she was like
16:12the Nina
16:12Bonita
16:13of her
16:13family,
16:13you know,
16:14beautiful and
16:14smart and
16:15all of that.
16:16They would
16:16have wanted
16:16her to
16:17stay home.
16:18Of course.
16:18Marry some
16:19rich Ilongo,
16:20right?
16:21And stay
16:21close to
16:21home and
16:22bear Ilongo
16:23children.
16:24But,
16:25they were
16:26very,
16:27they were
16:27very,
16:28they were
16:29very clannish
16:30in
16:30Iloilo,
16:32right?
16:32So,
16:33yes,
16:33the fact
16:34that she
16:34was going
16:34to marry
16:35a,
16:35you know,
16:36a Batanggenyo
16:37who was
16:38dark,
16:39who was
16:39small,
16:40right?
16:40So,
16:40you know,
16:41all the
16:41racism comes
16:42in.
16:42But,
16:43you know,
16:43she was
16:44headstrong.
16:45She was
16:46headstrong and
16:47maybe that's
16:47why they had
16:48such a simple
16:48wedding.
16:49Comparatively to
16:50her sister
16:51who married
16:52the chosen
16:53suitor that
16:55her father
16:56wanted,
16:57she had a
16:57grand wedding.
16:58Pura's
16:59wedding was
17:00so simple.
17:01I think they
17:01just,
17:02you know,
17:02it was dawn
17:03wedding and
17:03just family
17:04or something.
17:05maituturing
17:06na ahead
17:07of her
17:07time,
17:08si Pura
17:08Villanueva
17:09kala,
17:10natatangi
17:10rin siya
17:11pagdating
17:11sa kanyang
17:12papel
17:12bilang asawa
17:13at magula.
17:14My Lola
17:15was only
17:1512,
17:16but she
17:17did say
17:17that Lola,
17:18she would
17:19call her
17:20Inay.
17:20Inay was
17:21really,
17:22really,
17:22I guess
17:24the modern
17:24word would
17:25be fierce.
17:26You know,
17:26I mean,
17:27she was
17:28strong,
17:29she was
17:29not a
17:30cuddly
17:31Lola.
17:31She was,
17:32you know,
17:33you know how
17:33you have
17:34these sweet
17:34old ladies
17:35and all
17:36that?
17:36No,
17:36she was
17:37quite strong.
17:38She was,
17:38and even
17:39in the book,
17:39she said,
17:40you know,
17:40my grandchildren,
17:41I don't want
17:42to get close
17:42to them
17:43because they'll
17:43just leave
17:44me.
17:45So that
17:45was the
17:46impression.
17:48You know,
17:48she was
17:48very strong,
17:49she was
17:49very disciplined
17:50and everybody
17:53fell in line.
17:54You could
17:55tell that
17:56she was
17:56the one
17:57who,
17:57I guess,
17:57called the
17:58shots in
17:58the family
17:59because
17:59Lola
18:01Doroy,
18:02that's
18:02T.M.
18:03Calao,
18:03was a
18:04very,
18:04very mild
18:05gentleman,
18:06as my
18:07Lola would
18:09say.
18:09He was
18:09very gentle,
18:10he was
18:11very soft
18:11spoken,
18:12so,
18:12you know,
18:13and I
18:13guess maybe
18:13life is
18:14just easier
18:14to just
18:15let the
18:16fierce
18:17half-Spaniard
18:18have her
18:19way.
18:22And,
18:22you know,
18:22she really
18:23from,
18:24I guess,
18:25from reading
18:25the book,
18:26Howie,
18:27you could
18:27see that
18:27she really
18:28took care
18:29of all
18:29aspects of
18:30family life
18:31there,
18:31you know,
18:31from the
18:31kids'
18:32upbringing
18:32to the
18:33business,
18:34to what
18:34they ate,
18:35to the
18:35schooling,
18:35to what
18:36they wore,
18:36even made
18:37their clothes,
18:38you know,
18:38she was
18:39just so
18:39hands-on
18:40with everything,
18:41just so
18:42that T.M.
18:43Calao could
18:44really focus
18:44on his
18:45political
18:46career,
18:47his house
18:47of representatives,
18:48everything,
18:49all that,
18:50so she
18:50really just
18:51let him
18:51have his
18:52space,
18:52so she
18:53took care
18:53of everything
18:54at the
18:54back end.
18:55So earlier,
18:56you know,
18:56you called
18:57her the
18:58family breadwinner,
18:59but it's
19:00not like
19:00T.M.
19:01Calao was
19:01unemployed,
19:02right?
19:02No,
19:02no,
19:03not at
19:03all.
19:04So usually
19:05if you're
19:05having breadwinner,
19:06you know,
19:06there's the
19:08spouses at
19:08home taking
19:09care of
19:09children,
19:10but in
19:11this case,
19:11both of
19:11he did go
19:13to office,
19:14he had
19:14a monthly
19:16salary,
19:17but as
19:18I think I
19:19read in
19:19one of the
19:19stories,
19:20you know,
19:20he had
19:21such a
19:21soft heart
19:22that she
19:23had to
19:24go,
19:24you know,
19:24during
19:25payday,
19:25go to
19:25his office
19:26to get
19:27the salary
19:28because he
19:29might lend
19:29it out
19:29immediately.
19:31So she
19:32was making,
19:32so I guess
19:33maybe not
19:33breadwinner,
19:34but she
19:34was the
19:35one who
19:35controlled
19:35the finances.
19:37So,
19:37and then
19:38she,
19:38her own
19:39business of
19:40real estate,
19:40I think
19:41that's what
19:41really brought
19:42in the
19:43wealth because
19:45you know,
19:46I think she
19:47really was
19:47so successful
19:48there,
19:49starting with
19:50selling her
19:50house,
19:52the one
19:52that her
19:53mother gave
19:54her as a
19:54wedding gift,
19:55it was a
19:55grand house,
19:57so she
19:57sold it and
19:58that was the
19:58capital and
19:59she bought
19:59all the
19:59other real
20:00estates and
20:01built houses
20:03and rented
20:04them out.
20:05So I think
20:05that's what
20:06built it.
20:07She was an
20:07early developer.
20:09She was an
20:09early developer.
20:10Land investor
20:12because she
20:13was investing
20:14in land
20:15around Metro
20:16Manila,
20:16which is now
20:17considered prime
20:18real estate.
20:19She had
20:19property along
20:21Rojas Boulevard
20:22facing Manila
20:23Bay,
20:25I think
20:25parts of
20:26Quezon City.
20:28There's a
20:28Quezon City
20:29up there
20:30in
20:30Tiarapura,
20:32that's named
20:33Tiarapura.
20:34And this
20:35was all,
20:35I think,
20:36debt-free.
20:36It was
20:37really
20:37just
20:39take what
20:40you have,
20:40buy what
20:41you can,
20:41make it
20:42grow,
20:42take what
20:43you have,
20:43buy more
20:44what you
20:44can.
20:45She left
20:46when she
20:47passed away.
20:48There were
20:48no debts,
20:49all titles
20:50were clean,
20:51at least
20:52is what
20:53my Lola
20:53said.
20:54So everything
20:55was just
20:55clean to
20:56her kids.
20:57Yeah,
20:58I think
20:58what you
20:59really meant
21:00by calling
21:00her the
21:01breadwinner
21:01is that
21:02TM Calo
21:03of course
21:03was a
21:04prominent
21:04employee
21:06of the
21:06government,
21:07public servant
21:08and all
21:09that,
21:09but he
21:10was,
21:10I think
21:11he was
21:11typical
21:11of a
21:12lot
21:12of
21:13bureaucrats
21:14and
21:15government
21:17workers
21:17at that
21:18time,
21:18in that
21:19he was
21:20honest.
21:21He wasn't
21:22as much
21:22as
21:22as
21:23corruption
21:23as well.
21:24I think
21:24so if
21:25you worked
21:26in the
21:26government,
21:26there was
21:27an assumption
21:27that you
21:28really lived
21:28on your
21:29salary
21:29and nothing
21:30else.
21:31And now
21:33as then,
21:34government
21:34salaries don't
21:35really compete
21:36with the
21:37private sector
21:38or with
21:38wealthy
21:39business
21:40people.
21:40So I
21:41think that's
21:41what you
21:42really meant
21:42and I
21:43think to
21:44raise a
21:44family,
21:46a growing
21:46family and
21:47if you want
21:48to educate
21:49them well,
21:49you really
21:49have to
21:50make more.
21:51You have
21:51to have
21:51more income
21:52than what
21:52a government
21:52employee would
21:53bring in.
21:54Because TM
21:55Calo was a
21:55government
21:56employee.
21:56most of
21:56his life,
21:57right?
21:57Yes,
21:58he was.
21:58Yes,
21:59he was.
21:59Correct.
22:00Agree.
22:00She was
22:01busy raising
22:01kids.
22:03She was
22:03busy with
22:03her businesses,
22:06going around
22:07inspecting
22:08construction
22:09projects.
22:10So she
22:10wasn't just
22:11buying land,
22:11she was
22:12building.
22:12She was a
22:13builder.
22:13So how did
22:14she get
22:15involved in
22:15the women's
22:16suffrage
22:16movement?
22:17How did
22:17she find
22:18time to
22:19do that on
22:20top of
22:20everything else?
22:21Well,
22:21you know,
22:22what I
22:23understand is
22:25that during
22:26those early
22:27years of
22:28marriage,
22:29she had
22:29to let
22:30go of
22:30her
22:30activity.
22:33Before that,
22:34she was
22:34always,
22:35you know,
22:35before she
22:36got married,
22:36she was
22:37always asked
22:38to be the
22:38president of
22:39the women's
22:40movement.
22:40She was
22:40always asked
22:41to give
22:41speeches,
22:42always in
22:43the forefront.
22:44And then
22:44when she
22:45got married
22:45and she
22:46had to,
22:47I guess,
22:47buckle down
22:48and raise
22:49the family,
22:50she let
22:51go of all
22:52her positions
22:52and took
22:53a backseat.
22:54It was only
22:55when she
22:56felt a little
22:56more stable
22:57and the
22:58kids were
22:58already grown
22:59and maybe
23:00my Lala
23:00was about,
23:01I think,
23:01six or
23:02ten,
23:03seven years
23:03old when
23:04she started
23:05again.
23:06I guess
23:06those first
23:06early years
23:07were so
23:08hard because
23:09it was
23:10shock.
23:11Her
23:11husband was
23:12amputated.
23:13she had
23:14to sell
23:16her house.
23:17Although,
23:18according to
23:19my tita,
23:19I was going,
23:20it must have
23:21been hard
23:22for her to
23:22sell her
23:23house that
23:24was given
23:24to her by
23:25her mother
23:26and my
23:26tita or
23:27my Lala
23:28said,
23:28no,
23:29no,
23:29she made
23:29it a
23:30point never
23:31to get
23:31attached to
23:32any property.
23:33So she
23:33was okay
23:34to sell
23:34it.
23:35Very,
23:35very practical.
23:37Anyway,
23:37so it was
23:37only in her
23:38later years
23:39in her
23:40marriage
23:41after she
23:42felt stable
23:42was that
23:43she started
23:44getting
23:44active.
23:45So joining
23:46these,
23:48I think
23:48at that
23:48time,
23:49there were
23:49many
23:49women's
23:50organizations
23:50popping up
23:51left and
23:52right,
23:52and she
23:52was organizing
23:53all of
23:54them,
23:54starting to
23:54take a
23:55leadership
23:55role again.
23:56When did
23:57her interest
23:57in women's
23:58suffrage
23:58begin?
23:59Was this
23:59something that
24:00she was
24:00already
24:00advocating
24:01as a
24:02young
24:02newspaper
24:03columnist?
24:04Of course,
24:04yeah.
24:05She was
24:05really feminist,
24:06no?
24:06Yes,
24:07yes.
24:07You know,
24:08as I said,
24:09as early as
24:1020 years old,
24:11she was already
24:11writing.
24:11She was a
24:13known writer
24:13for the
24:14newspaper in
24:15Iloilo,
24:15and she
24:16was already
24:17writing about
24:18how the
24:20women of
24:20that day
24:21were already
24:22so much
24:22more educated
24:23than the
24:24Maria Clara
24:25stereotype of
24:26Jose Rizal,
24:28more engaged,
24:29more interested
24:30in communities.
24:33As I said,
24:33as soon as her
24:34family was
24:35stable,
24:36she got back
24:36into public
24:37speaking,
24:37she got back
24:38into writing
24:39the bill
24:40for women's
24:41vote,
24:41was past
24:43rejected,
24:44past rejected
24:44several times,
24:45Senate,
24:46House,
24:46blah,
24:46blah,
24:46blah,
24:46and she
24:47would always
24:48be one
24:49of the
24:49speakers for
24:50it.
24:50They'd always
24:50call her
24:51as one
24:51of the
24:53resource
24:54or the
24:55advocates for
24:56it.
24:56So she
24:56was already
24:57giving speeches
24:58to the
24:59House of
24:59Representatives
25:00and the
25:00Senate
25:01for women's
25:03voting.
25:03So yeah,
25:04she never
25:05gave up.
25:06I think
25:08the first
25:10time women's
25:12vote ever
25:14came in as
25:14a bill was
25:15I think
25:151918,
25:16I think.
25:17She was
25:17already asked
25:18to speak
25:19on it.
25:19So from
25:201918 to
25:211936,
25:21she was
25:22always speaking
25:23and writing
25:24and speaking
25:24and speaking
25:26to organizations,
25:27organizing the
25:28women.
25:29So you can
25:30imagine at
25:301937 when
25:32it finally
25:32passed,
25:33she must
25:33have been
25:33so happy
25:34and I
25:35remember
25:35one of
25:36the anecdotes
25:37was that
25:38she found
25:39out that
25:39because there
25:40was a
25:40nationwide
25:41plebiscite
25:42about women
25:43that we
25:44had to
25:44vote and
25:45Ilo-Ilo
25:47gave in
25:48the second
25:48largest
25:49number of
25:49yes votes
25:50and she
25:50was like
25:51that's
25:51my hood.
25:54Ang anak
25:55ni Pura
25:55Vilina
25:56Bacalao
25:56at lola
25:57ni Katrina
25:58na si
25:58Maria
25:59Calao
25:59Katigbak,
26:00ang ikatlong
26:01babaeng
26:01senador
26:02ng bansa.
26:03Your
26:04great-grandmother
26:05influenced
26:06her children
26:07obviously
26:07and the
26:08eldest was
26:09Maria
26:10Calao
26:10and
26:12so
26:13how did
26:15your
26:16great-grandmother
26:17influence
26:18her
26:19daughter
26:20and your
26:21grandmother
26:21Maria
26:22Calao
26:23Katigbak?
26:24Well,
26:25you know,
26:27she was the
26:28eldest
26:28of the
26:30brood
26:30and I
26:30think
26:31I guess
26:32the most
26:32heavily
26:32influenced
26:33by
26:34Pura.
26:37With
26:38my lola,
26:39you know,
26:40I just
26:40see her
26:40from my
26:41lens,
26:41my lola
26:42was always
26:43very fiercely
26:44independent
26:46also
26:46and I
26:46remember
26:47growing up
26:48my mom
26:49telling me
26:49as a
26:50woman
26:50or as
26:51a kid
26:51as a
26:52girl
26:52that,
26:53you know,
26:54Katrina,
26:54you don't
26:56need
26:56like
26:57any man.
26:58Parang
26:59you can
26:59do
27:00whatever
27:00you want
27:01as a
27:02woman
27:02and I
27:03think
27:04this
27:04was carried
27:05on from
27:06Pura to
27:07Maria to
27:08my mom
27:09was
27:09Safina
27:10and me
27:10definitely
27:11that
27:12that
27:13strength
27:13of
27:14you do
27:16and not
27:16because
27:17you're
27:17well off
27:18or whatever
27:18but
27:19there was
27:20always
27:20a practice
27:21of
27:21if you
27:22can do
27:23it
27:23you do
27:23it
27:23yourself
27:24you know
27:25you're
27:25not
27:25don't
27:26be lazy
27:26don't
27:27be idle
27:27you have
27:28to always
27:29continue
27:29doing it
27:30yourself
27:30if you
27:31can
27:32so I
27:32saw that
27:33in my
27:33lola
27:34because she
27:34was always
27:35so industrious
27:36and I
27:36saw that
27:37in my
27:37mom and
27:38my mom
27:38taught that
27:39to me
27:40like just
27:41never be
27:43idle
27:44like your
27:45mind or
27:45your hands
27:46should always
27:47be busy
27:47doing something
27:48and I
27:49think that's
27:49what Pura
27:50as a
27:51trait
27:51as a
27:51family
27:52trait
27:52has
27:52given
27:54or has
27:55shown
27:55my
27:57lola
27:58Maria
27:58from
27:59when she
28:00was young
28:00always be
28:01industrious
28:02and educate
28:03and
28:03aspire for
28:05higher education
28:06it's not
28:07just that
28:08no
28:08well of
28:08course
28:09that's a
28:09very
28:10important
28:10part of
28:10what your
28:12lola
28:12inherited
28:13from your
28:13great
28:14grandmother
28:14but
28:15what's
28:16interesting
28:16here is
28:17Maria
28:19also became
28:21a beauty
28:21queen
28:22these days
28:26there are a lot
28:27of feminists
28:28who are against
28:28pageants
28:29you know
28:30they think
28:31women are being
28:32exploited
28:33treated
28:34like cattle
28:35at an
28:36auction
28:36etc
28:37so there
28:38is a
28:38perspective
28:39but your
28:41ancestors
28:41grandmother
28:43and great
28:43grandmother
28:43obviously did
28:44not see a
28:45conflict
28:45between being
28:47an intellectual
28:48being someone
28:49respected for
28:50her mind
28:50and her
28:51character
28:51etc
28:52but at the
28:53same time
28:53being admired
28:54publicly
28:55admired
28:56and even
28:56displayed
28:57for their
28:58beauty
28:58I don't
29:00think you
29:00can compare
29:01today's
29:02beauty
29:02pageants
29:03with
29:03the ones
29:04that
29:04I mean
29:04they're
29:05not gawked
29:06I mean
29:06there's
29:06no swimsuit
29:08I mean
29:09it's
29:10something else
29:11but I
29:12remember my
29:13lola and
29:13my mom
29:14saying that
29:14during those
29:15times the
29:15carnival
29:15queen and
29:16the miss
29:17philippines
29:18it's not
29:18only looks
29:20but you
29:20really also
29:21had to
29:21have the
29:23right
29:23connection
29:24the right
29:24connection
29:24the right
29:25family
29:25the upbringing
29:26the grades
29:27even
29:29the grades
29:30the schooling
29:31so it
29:31was really
29:32all
29:32it wasn't
29:33just looks
29:34and you
29:35know how
29:35you look
29:35in a gown
29:36or something
29:37so yeah
29:38it was still
29:39it was a
29:39very high
29:40honor then
29:40well that's
29:41interesting
29:42no
29:42kasi
29:42you know
29:44a lot of
29:44actually a lot
29:45of beauty
29:45pageant
29:46contestants
29:47still aspire
29:48to that
29:48I mean
29:49that's why
29:49there's that
29:50question and
29:51answer
29:51portion
29:52di ba
29:52and
29:53and they're
29:54supposed to
29:54have some
29:54kind of
29:55advocacy
29:55then aside
29:56from you
29:57know being
29:57being
29:58beautiful
29:58they're supposed
29:59to have
29:59show
30:00you know
30:01character
30:02I'm glad
30:03to see
30:03that the
30:04winners
30:04of the
30:05beauty
30:05contest
30:06now
30:06really
30:06are the
30:07ones
30:07with
30:07you know
30:08brains
30:09and
30:09and
30:09passion
30:10for
30:11an
30:11advocacy
30:12it's not
30:13really
30:13and the
30:14ones
30:14who
30:14really
30:15don't
30:15are
30:15just
30:16really
30:16weeded
30:16out
30:16I think
30:17you can
30:17tell
30:18Billing
30:19isang
30:19suffragist
30:20manunulat
30:21asawa
30:21at
30:22ina
30:22pinatunayan
30:23ni Pura
30:24Villanueva
30:24Calao
30:25na ang
30:25babae
30:26ay may
30:26mahalagang
30:27papel
30:27sa
30:28paghubog
30:28ng
30:28lipunan
30:29at
30:30hindi
30:30hadlang
30:31ang
30:31kasarian
30:31sa
30:32kakayahang
30:32mamuno
30:33maglingkod
30:34at
30:34magbago
30:35ng
30:35mundo
30:35I
30:36think
30:37their
30:37legacy
30:38really
30:38for
30:39the
30:39public
30:39is
30:40really
30:40the
30:40women's
30:41right
30:42to
30:42vote
30:42I
30:42think
30:43that's
30:43the
30:43big
30:43thing
30:43for
30:44Pura
30:44I
30:45think
30:46she
30:46was
30:47really
30:47one
30:47of
30:48the
30:48women
30:48who
30:49made
30:49it
30:49happen
30:50it
30:50would
30:51have
30:51taken
30:51much
30:51longer
30:52I
30:52think
30:52if
30:52she
30:53wasn't
30:53so
30:53vocal
30:54about
30:55it
30:55that
30:56I
30:56think
30:56would
30:56be
30:56the
30:57big
30:58legacy
30:59for
30:59women
31:00today
31:01Do you
31:01think
31:01they
31:02would
31:02be
31:02proud
31:02of
31:03the
31:03situation
31:04of
31:04Filipino
31:04women
31:05today
31:06Good
31:07question
31:08I
31:10think
31:10so
31:11you
31:11know
31:11why
31:11we
31:12have
31:12a
31:12healthy
31:12respect
31:13for
31:13women
31:13leaders
31:14here
31:14in
31:14the
31:15Philippines
31:15healthier
31:16than
31:16most
31:16countries
31:17in
31:17the
31:17world
31:17so
31:18in
31:18that
31:19case
31:19in
31:20those
31:20firms
31:21I
31:22think
31:22they'll
31:22be
31:22very
31:23proud
31:23of
31:23how
31:24the
31:24women
31:24have
31:25put
31:26their
31:26foot
31:26have
31:27gotten
31:27their
31:27place
31:29in
31:29the
31:29table
31:30in
31:31guiding
31:32the
31:32Philippines
31:33now
31:34whether
31:35we're
31:35on
31:35the
31:35right
31:36track
31:36or
31:36whether
31:37the
31:37women
31:37that's
31:38another
31:39story
31:39I'm
31:40not
31:40sure
31:40how
31:41they
31:41would
31:41feel
31:42about
31:42it
31:42but
31:42at
31:43the
31:43very
31:43least
31:44the
31:45women's
31:46voices
31:46in
31:47the
31:48Philippines
31:48will
31:49be
31:49heard
31:50as
31:50represented
31:51by
31:51our
31:53politicians
31:54who are
31:54women
31:54I think
31:55they would
31:56I think
31:57they'd be
31:57so
31:57surprised
31:58frankly
31:58that
31:59we're
32:00this
32:00advanced
32:00while
32:01the
32:01US
32:01can't
32:02even
32:02elect
32:02a
32:02woman
32:03right
32:04and
32:05they're
32:06supposed
32:06to be
32:06land
32:07of
32:07equality
32:08and all
32:09that
32:09they can't
32:09even
32:09get
32:10that
32:11done
32:11At
32:12mga
32:13tulad
32:13ni
32:14Pura
32:14Villanueva
32:14Calang
32:15ay bahagi
32:16ng
32:16mahabang
32:16tradisyon
32:17ng mga
32:17Pilipinang
32:18lumaban
32:18para sa
32:19karapatan
32:20at
32:20kalayaan
32:21sa
32:21hanay
32:22na ito
32:22kabilang
32:23din si
32:24Melchora
32:24Aquino
32:25o
32:25mas kilala
32:26natin
32:26bilang
32:26Tandang
32:27Sora
32:27tulad
32:29tulad
32:29tulad
32:29ng
32:29mga
32:29suffragist
32:30pinatunayan
32:31ni
32:31Tandang
32:32Sora
32:32na
32:33ang
32:33tapang
32:33at
32:34pagmamahal
32:34sa
32:34bayan
32:35ay
32:35hindi
32:35nasusukat
32:36sa
32:36kasarian
32:37sa
32:38kauna-unahang
32:39women's
32:39museum
32:40sa
32:40bansa
32:40sa
32:41barangay
32:41Tandang
32:42Sora
32:42mismo
32:43sa
32:43Quezon
32:43City
32:44ipinaliwanag
32:45ng
32:45museum
32:46curator
32:46na
32:46si
32:47Sandra
32:47Torrijos
32:48na
32:48mahalagang
32:49kilalani
32:50ng
32:50mga
32:50naging
32:50ambag
32:51ng
32:51mga
32:51kababaihan
32:52sa
32:52ating
32:53kasaysaya
32:53Ano yung
32:55nais niyong
32:56i-highlight
32:58dito?
32:58Anong
32:59talagang
32:59pinagmamalaki niya
33:01dito sa
33:01museum na to?
33:03Unang-una
33:03ay yung
33:04kadakilaan
33:05ni Tandang
33:05Sora
33:06yung kanyang
33:06mga
33:07virtues
33:07na naging
33:08basihan ko
33:09para sa
33:10museum na ito
33:11isa sa
33:11basihan
33:12ng konsepto
33:13ay yung
33:13kanyang
33:14natapatan
33:15pagkapwa-tao
33:17pagmamahal
33:18sa tao
33:19pagtulong
33:20sa kapwa
33:21kasi
33:22nung panahon
33:22yan
33:23naging
33:25member
33:25siya
33:25ng
33:26katipunan
33:26at siya
33:27pag may
33:28mga
33:28katipuneros
33:29na nagmi-meeting
33:29sa kanyang
33:30lugar
33:30pinapakain
33:31niya
33:31pinapabaunan
33:32pa niya
33:33parang
33:34NGO
33:35na wala
33:35naman siyang
33:36sweldo
33:36kanyang
33:37sariling
33:37kita
33:39o
33:39paghihirap
33:40ang
33:40pinamimigay
33:41niya
33:42at
33:42ang
33:43kanyang
33:43katapangan
33:44at
33:44ang higit
33:45sa lahat
33:45ay ang
33:45kanyang
33:46pagmamahal
33:46sa
33:47bayan
33:47kaya
33:47nga
33:48sinabi
33:48niya
33:48noon
33:48na
33:49kung siya
33:49may
33:50siyang
33:50nabuhay
33:51ito
33:52ilalaan
33:52pa rin
33:52niya
33:52sa bayan
33:53pagdating
33:54sa
33:54suffrage
33:54talagang
33:55women
33:55in
33:56action
33:56yan
33:57so
33:57napakalaga
33:58ng
33:58suffrage
33:59dito
33:59sa
33:59ating
34:00bayan
34:00na
34:01makaboto
34:02magkaroon
34:03ng
34:03say
34:04magkaroon
34:04ng
34:04bose
34:05sa
34:05mga
34:05kababaihan
34:06in
34:07all
34:07spheres
34:07of
34:08our
34:08lives
34:08because
34:09we're
34:09part
34:10of
34:10the
34:10population
34:11Ano
34:11yung
34:11gusto
34:12niyong
34:12bigyang
34:13pansin
34:13dito
34:14sa
34:14women
34:14suffrage
34:15what
34:15in
34:15particular
34:16about
34:16it
34:17do you
34:17want
34:18people
34:18to
34:18know
34:19about
34:19ito
34:21pinaghirapan
34:22ng
34:22maraming
34:23maraming
34:23kababaihan
34:24pawis
34:26katalinuhan
34:27nila
34:27material
34:29things
34:30talagang
34:31pinaglaban
34:32nila
34:32ito
34:32so
34:33huwag
34:33nating
34:33sayangin
34:34ang
34:35leksyon
34:36ng
34:36ating
34:37kasaysayan
34:37gamitin
34:39natin
34:39itong
34:39lakas
34:40na
34:40ito
34:41actually
34:41ang
34:42suffrage
34:42ay
34:42isang
34:43lakas
34:44isang
34:44power
34:44to be
34:45able
34:45to
34:45have
34:46a
34:46decision
34:47pero
34:47pag-iisipan
34:48natin
34:48maigito
34:49pag-aaralan
34:50ng mga
34:50issues
34:50at
34:51hindi
34:52natin
34:53ito
34:53ipagbibili
34:54dahil
34:54ito
34:55iboses
34:55natin
34:56kasi
34:56pag
34:56pinagbili
34:56mo ito
34:57parang
34:57pinagbili
34:58mo
34:58na rin
34:58yung
34:58sarili
34:58mo
34:59yun
34:59may
34:59hindi
35:00tama
35:00this episode
35:02was
35:02produced
35:03by
35:03the team
35:03of
35:03you
35:04marianga
35:04and
35:05obri
35:05de los
35:05reyes
35:06supervised
35:07by
35:07chriselda
35:07karingar
35:08arla
35:08fabella
35:09and
35:09bernice
35:10bucao
35:10this was
35:11edited
35:11by
35:12jr
35:12magtoto
35:12and hosted
35:13by me
35:14howie
35:14severino
35:15thank you podmates
35:16for listening
35:17and watching
35:18until the very
35:18end of this podcast
35:19alam nyo na
35:20nakakatalino
35:22ang mahabang
35:23attention span
35:23don't forget
35:24to like and subscribe
35:25and binge watch
35:26our past episodes too
35:27until the next pod
35:29mabuhay kayo
35:30at
35:30ingat lagi