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00:00the United States 1947 in Texas Max and Rachel celebrate the return of their son Paul discharged
00:24from the US Army after serving two years in Japan he has great memories of his time there
00:34children were conceived during the short time the American Army helped rebuild the country
00:38after having dropped the atom bomb on it
00:41in Nagasaki the ruins of the atomic disaster have been erased the grass has grown back
00:58but the world has changed forever
01:00scientists have conceived an imaginary clock
01:07the doomsday clock which measures the danger of imminent nuclear war if it hits midnight it's
01:15the end of the world for the next 50 years Russia then known as the communist Soviet Union will
01:25confront the West led by the United States this is the Cold War between East and West the War of Worlds
01:37like many Americans Max and Rachel donate food to
02:07help a starving Europe little Daniel in Paris will be able to face the harsh winter of 1947 one of the
02:15coldest of the century even though France has no coal still the morale of the French sets an example for
02:23the whole world after six years of war they have chosen to live a carefree existence
02:30meanwhile between East and West the weapons race has begun are these confrontations between the Western
02:40democracies and the communists in the East like in Indochina or in Korea merely the first steps in the escalation of fear
02:47Texas spring of 1947 Max and Rachel moved to Fort Bliss a small city near a military base Max an engineer is hired to participate in the development of German rockets seized at the end of the war
03:08some day these rockets could launch other atomic bombs
03:13Max works with a group of Germans which is upsetting to him the recently revealed horrors of the Nazi camps and the Holocaust have shocked him along with the rest of America
03:26many German born scientists and technicians were captured by the Soviets the French and the Americans
03:341500 are now settled in the US
03:38among them is a young prodigy 35 year old Werner von Braun
03:45he invented the V2 rocket for Hitler the rocket that terrified Londoners at the end of the war
03:57von Braun will perfect these German V2 units recovered by the Americans over 30 years he redesigns them for the conquest of space
04:09in 1946 they are the first weapons of dissuasion launched over the New Mexican desert the sound of war is coming closer
04:28at the same time diplomats try to save world peace by organizing a conference with the Soviet Union
04:34on March 9 1947 France's secretary of state George Bido a Christian Democrat leaves for Moscow with his wife
04:49at this conference the foreign ministers of the four great powers that brought down Hitler try to agree on the fate of occupied Germany
04:55but the context has changed
04:58France's minister Bido wants silent an industrial region in Germany that de Gaulle has already laid claim to
05:10from Britain Bevin a leftist anti-communist Union supporter aligns with the US position a position advocated by General Marshall
05:21whose main concern is America's security
05:24the Soviet foreign minister Mr. Molotov who is getting close to the West will be sidelined by Stalin
05:32the former allies can't agree on anything
05:38Germany will remain split into a final reception that Stalin doesn't attend marks the end of the wartime alliance between East and West
05:50and West
05:53after the smiles come the farewells
06:01the American president Democrat Harry Truman presents his doctrine to Congress
06:05his policy is one of containment
06:08any aggressive action by Stalin will be met with retaliation
06:12and most importantly help Europe recover from poverty
06:16a breeding ground for communism
06:19the American Secretary of State George Marshall offers Truman a plan for European reconstruction that bears his name
06:27the Marshall Plan
06:29he says
06:30the people of these countries need to eat and to survive the winter
06:35and to survive the winter
06:37back in France little Daniel marvels at the convoy of American equipment
06:47there are electric transformers and all kinds of machine tools
06:53the offer is generous for the European populations twelve billion dollars a fortune at the time
07:00but this loan must be partially reimbursed and be used whenever possible to buy American products
07:13Stalin refuses
07:15he forces the countries he occupies to turn down the Marshall Plan aid
07:19in other countries Italy Belgium England and especially France
07:24he stirs up the local communist parties backing violent protests and strikes
07:30to denounce American imperialism
07:33but France's ambassador to the US accepts Washington's checks
07:44Mr. Ambassador it gives me great pleasure to be able to hand you these checks
07:49which total 31 million four hundred thousand dollars
07:53with these checks and those which we gave you last week
07:57the total now is 33 million dollars
08:00even this amount represents only the initial portion
08:04which eventually will be made available under the United States foreign aid program
08:11France needs money to fund its war in Indochina
08:15now entering its third year
08:241948
08:26French ownership of Indochina becomes a stake in the Cold War
08:34the communist insurgents of the Viet Minh have attempted a bloody coup in Hanoi
08:38the capital in the north
08:40the French have managed to regain control
08:48this is an expensive war
08:50500 million French francs per day
08:53and more importantly
08:56almost a total of 100,000 dead on both sides
09:07in the north the men of the French expeditionary corps
09:10are hunting for Ho Chi Minh and Jiap
09:12the communist leaders of the fight for independence
09:15they're searching the mountains
09:17where the tribes have stayed out of the war
09:19but for how long
09:21a French commando almost captured Ho Chi Minh
09:27missing him by a few hours
09:29but he disappeared into the impenetrable jungle
09:33a French commando almost captured Ho Chi Minh
09:37missing him by a few hours
09:39but he disappeared into the impenetrable jungle
09:41a French commando almost captured Ho Chi Minh
09:42missing him by a few hours
09:43but he disappeared into the impenetrable jungle
09:46a French commando almost captured Ho Chi Minh
09:48missing him by a few hours
09:50but he disappeared into the impenetrable jungle
09:52Ho Chi Minh has taken refuge in this region
09:54near the border of the Republic of China
09:56which is still fighting Mao's communists
09:58from the sky the zone looks deserted
10:05but within this sanctuary
10:11Ho Chi Minh has created an embryonic government
10:14its bamboo ministries
10:17can quickly be disassembled
10:20and carried to new hiding places
10:27bamboo serves all purposes
10:31it can be used for everything
10:33it can be used to survive and to kill
10:37its sharpened points stick up out of the clearings
10:44to impale paratroopers
10:46in the opposing camp
10:51the French positions are also protected by bamboo
10:54as dangerous as the barbed wire used during World War One
11:07from his jungle workshops Ho Chi Minh wants to project the image
11:10of an entire population building with its own hands
11:13the very weapons that will liberate it
11:16a heavy machine gun is worth two kilos of opium
11:23Ho Chi Minh applies the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism
11:31hammer home and spread propaganda and the ideology
11:37dispense combat instructions inspire the will to fight
11:43recruit soldiers and militants
11:50and tirelessly cleanse the party by killing skeptics and opponents
12:02Ho Chi Minh shows his true face
12:04after years spent in the USSR
12:06the USSR
12:08no more negotiating
12:09he's preparing for a long war
12:11he declares
12:13it will be the fight between the tiger and the elephant
12:17during the day
12:18the tiger lies low in the jungle
12:20he only comes out at night
12:22he jumps on the elephant
12:23tearing large chunks of flesh from his back
12:25then he leaps back into the dark jungle
12:30slowly
12:32the elephant bleeds to death
12:34such will be the war in Indochina
12:37but the French have understood
12:4721 year old Lieutenant Bernard Moanet writes
12:50we must adapt to this type of combat
12:52we must cease to be prey
12:54and become hunters
12:56there is no small-scale smuggling
13:09nor small-scale prey
13:11i
13:41To reassure and control the peasants, the French erect small forts manned by small, expendable units who drink warm beer and cook good food before setting off on an ambush.
14:01Those who make it back reassure their wives, like Lieutenant Moinet who writes,
14:06My dear Francine, I'm a happy man, in love with my career and with you.
14:18There they wait until the Viet Minh attack. The men are massacred, as the forts are regularly won and lost again.
14:25This is the case throughout this war, which is only beginning.
14:36High Command tries to reinforce its garrisons, with local backup troops whose loyalty can be shaky.
14:45Their families may be Viet Minh hostages. The French troops can barely close their eyes at night.
14:56During a commando mission, Moinet discovers a printing press and flyers.
15:00He reads the following text in French.
15:06Tomorrow, your post will be destroyed by the courageous people's army of the Viet Minh.
15:11The French will be killed and chased from our lands.
15:16Victory will strengthen our ongoing revolution.
15:19Long live Ho Chi Minh. Long live communism around the world.
15:23Communism around the world is making headway in Asia, as Mao prepares to take over the Republic of China.
15:35In the British colonies of Burma and Malaysia, communist movements rise up to claim their independence.
15:44The Dutch East Indies become Indonesia.
15:46In Europe, the communists attempt to seize power from the Greek monarchy, which is backed by the British and the Americans.
15:59But the West does nothing to prevent the coup in Prague in February 1948.
16:04When the communists seize power in Czechoslovakia, Stalin is now one step closer to bringing Berlin over to his side.
16:12In 1945, the one-time allies have divided Germany into four occupied zones.
16:34Soviet, British, American, and French.
16:38They did the same in Berlin, divided into four sectors, and landlocked by the Soviet zone.
16:45In order to reach their zones in Berlin, the Westerners have access to three corridors.
16:58Westerners and Berliners are shocked to discover that Stalin has issued the order to close the corridors.
17:04He has also barred all train and river traffic.
17:12Even the electrical plants in the Soviet zone stop supplying power to the West.
17:18Berlin is now cut off from the world.
17:21Its two million residents are now hostages of the Cold War.
17:27The doomsday clock jumps to five minutes to midnight.
17:30The threat of nuclear war is getting closer, because Stalin just made a risky bet.
17:41What will the Allies do?
17:44What will Truman do?
17:47The Americans have atom bombs, ready to be carried by the B-36 Strategic Bomber.
17:54One of the largest aircraft ever built.
18:00Weighing 150 tons, with six 3,000 horsepower engines, it has a flying range of 12,000 kilometers, more than enough to reach Moscow.
18:10It's the ultimate weapon.
18:12But Truman remains cautious.
18:13In his memoirs, he writes,
18:19We had to make a show of strength without setting off a war.
18:24We had to stay in Berlin.
18:26I ordered the organization of a full-scale airlift using every available Allied plane in Europe.
18:33Truman breaks through the blockade with 1,000 Allied freight planes,
18:36mostly American, which fly over the Soviet zone to bring supplies to Berlin.
18:46The airlift is the only solution, because Stalin can easily block a road.
18:51But to stop a plane from getting through, he would have to order it shot down.
18:57Soviet fighter planes are on the prowl.
18:59Truman writes,
19:01The real danger was that a Russian pilot might pull the trigger and create an incident that would spark a crisis.
19:14Will the airlift be stopped?
19:19On September 9, 1948, the people of Berlin's Western zones gather in front of the Reichstag, the former German parliament.
19:27It's the reminder of a recent tragic past.
19:35300,000 Berliners have come to show support for their mayor, Ernst Reuter,
19:40a well-known figure in the fight against Nazism, who asks for help.
19:45People of the world, people of America, England, France, and Italy,
19:53you cannot, you must not forsake us.
19:57The noise of the four-engine planes in constant succession is unbearable.
20:08And yet, Berliners refer to it as the symphony of freedom.
20:12During the winter of 1948-49, the planes transport close to one million tons of coal.
20:34The aircraft are at the limit of their capacity, and the pilots are exhausted.
20:38The American and British pilots perish in crashes.
20:48The Soviets concentrate their armored divisions around Berlin.
20:52The threat of war is so tangible that all of Europe turns to the U.S.,
21:02gearing up for a presidential election in November 1948.
21:06The Republicans are historically isolationist.
21:12However, the Democrats' slogan is, Truman, the world's hope.
21:18Truman was an officer on the French front in 1918.
21:22He knows France well, and cares about the fate of the old continent.
21:27He is re-elected, and tells the European leaders,
21:30we will continue to uphold the peaceful principles of the U.N.
21:38On April 4th, 1949, 12 countries signed the North Atlantic Pact in Washington.
21:45France, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Italy,
21:56Portugal, Iceland, Canada, and the United States commit to Article 5, which reads,
22:01The parties agree that an armed attack against any member country shall be considered an attack against all members.
22:12Philosopher Raymond Aron writes,
22:16Without hesitation, the Western Europeans chose the American protector over the Soviet Empire.
22:21This immediately provokes widespread communist protests throughout Europe, and particularly in France,
22:30which becomes home to the general staff of NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
22:35and its renowned commanders, such as General Eisenhower, the liberator of France.
22:41The NATO forces settled in France, along with their accommodations, hospitals, schools, and disposable income.
22:54The French actor Gérard Depardieu, who grew up near the U.S. Air Force base in Chateau-Rue, recalls,
23:01The city was Americanized, popcorn, hamburgers, peanut butter, jeans and T-shirts, strip clubs,
23:07soldiers in jeeps, and rock and roll.
23:11The U.S. Navy's powerful 6th Fleet rules the Mediterranean, and its sailors invade Saint-Tropez.
23:23NATO also has bases in Italy, Turkey, Great Britain, and especially in Germany, next to the eastern troops.
23:35On May 12, 1949, after an 11-month blockade,
23:39Stalin reopens the routes to Berlin.
23:42He has given in to the West's determination.
23:46Without the atomic bomb, he cannot risk a war.
23:54August 29, 1949 is an important Cold War date.
23:59In the desert of Kazakhstan, the first Soviet atomic bomb is ready.
24:03It's a duplicate of the American bomb, made possible by intensive espionage.
24:11This marks the end of America's nuclear monopoly.
24:18American newspapers are the first to reveal this nuclear test.
24:22Stalin had wanted to keep the public in the dark, because he still wants to appear to be fighting for peace,
24:37and he needs to buy time until his atom bomb is fully operational.
24:41Communism continues to spread across one-third of the planet.
24:52China joins its ranks.
24:54Pekin, October 1, 1949, in the Forbidden City, China's imperial palace,
25:07Mao Zedong becomes the master of the world's most populated nation,
25:11with 600 million inhabitants.
25:13Mao establishes the People's Republic of China.
25:21Over a period of 30 years, this totalitarian regime will be responsible for 50 million deaths
25:27through the application of Stalinist practices such as agrarian reform and famine,
25:33peasant revolts, repression, and the gulags, concentration camps.
25:39He has been waging a brutal civil war ever since the 1920s.
25:43Although he was just a hounded Marxist at the time,
25:49he is even considered crueler than Stalin.
25:55Violence is the key to his power.
25:58He imposes on his men what he calls the blood pact.
26:03Everyone must participate in the physical destruction of class enemies.
26:08Everyone must have blood on their hands.
26:12Mao says,
26:12Corpses have their use.
26:16They can be used to fertilize the land.
26:23Mao finalizes his conquest by pushing the last anti-communist troops
26:27back to the border of French Indochina.
26:29The French disarmed them in fear of being infiltrated by Mao's soldiers.
26:47A surprising number of women are pregnant.
26:55A surprising number of women are pregnant.
27:00Handing these refugees over to the People's Republic of China is out of the question.
27:05The only option is to keep them in camps in Indochina until further notice.
27:10The French are also concerned.
27:18The arrival of these 30,000 refugees raises the question of Mao's army chasing after them.
27:24His army could join forces with the Viet Minh and help it take over Indochina.
27:29On December 21st, 1949, Mao is in Moscow, standing to the right of Stalin, who is celebrating his 70th birthday.
27:46Stalin is wary of him, as he is of all communist leaders, ever since his altercations with Yugoslav leader Tito, who refuses to be a satellite of the USSR.
28:02But Mao needs Soviet assistance for his industry and his army.
28:16He has Stalin's birthday religiously observed in China, as it is in all communist countries.
28:32Stalin's personality cult extends beyond the USSR's borders.
28:55The French Communists celebrate Comrade Stalin, a champion of peace, liberty, the independence of the people, and human happiness.
29:05The French Communist Party remains the country's first political movement.
29:09Its leader, Maurice Thorez, is Stalin's tireless champion.
29:13Vive Stalin, gloire et longue vie, aux chefs du prolétariat international, aux dirigeants de la révolution socialiste, aux libérateurs des peuples, aux premiers des combattants de la liberté et de la paix.
29:28Et nous, communistes, que l'ennemi de classe et ses agents croient outragés en nous appelant staliniens,
29:34nous redisons bien haut, comme il y a 20 ans déjà , notre fierté de ce titre, d'honneur et de gloire que nous nous efforçons de mériter.
29:45Oui, de tout notre cœur, nous proclamons notre amour ardent pour Staline et nous l'assurons de notre confiance inébranlable.
29:53Vive à jamais !
29:54Yet Thorez had deserted in 1939 and spent five wartime years in the Soviet Union.
30:11He knows all about Stalin and the gulags.
30:14But all the other brave souls are in the dark, like this militant.
30:29Je suis convaincue que mes enfants, mon mari, la paix et vous, camarades Staline, tout cela est une seule et même chose.
30:38Non, jamais, jamais, les femmes de France ne donneront leurs maris et leurs enfants pour faire une guerre contre le pays de Staline.
30:49No war against Stalin is the message the communists are to spread.
30:56Along with this comes the creation of a world movement of partisans of peace,
31:02whose emblem is a dove designed by Picasso.
31:04This peace movement launches an international petition on March 19th, 1950,
31:11demanding a ban on nuclear weapons.
31:14It is known as the Stockholm Appeal.
31:18250,000 people sign the petition in just a few weeks,
31:22particularly in the communist countries.
31:25How could one refuse to sign?
31:28Yet who can verify that Stalin upholds his commitment
31:31now that he has the bomb and is multiplying atomic testing?
31:38But to the communists, the supporters, and fellow travelers,
31:42the Red Army saved the world,
31:44and Stalin embodies the quest for peace.
31:46In the U.S., the hunt for communist sympathizers in the government and film industry
31:57is launched by a Republican senator, Joseph McCarthy.
32:00The FBI succeeds in shutting down the extensive Soviet espionage network to which Julius and Ethel Rosenberg belong.
32:14The couple is sent to the electric chair.
32:16In Europe, abstention is in fashion.
32:25The Good Times Party is in the lead.
32:29People want to live their lives.
32:31Ignorance is bliss.
32:33They want to have children and avoid thinking about the dangers that lurk.
32:41Fire!
32:42On June 25th, 1950, war breaks out in Korea.
32:51For the first time, East and West confront each other directly.
32:55The Korean War claims two million lives, civilians and soldiers alike.
33:00On this day of June 25th, 1950,
33:08the communist troops of North Korea cross over the 38th parallel,
33:11which has separated Korea into two countries since 1945.
33:19In the north, the Soviet conquest has led to the creation of the People's Republic of Korea,
33:25governed de facto by General Shtikov,
33:29who occupied the country in 1945.
33:34Shtikov put a USSR-trained Korean communist in power,
33:3938-year-old Kim Il-sung.
33:42He established a six-year compulsory military service.
33:46The country is ready for war.
33:48Mao Zedong, China's new ruler,
33:57had returned to Moscow to conclude an alliance with the USSR.
34:01Shtikov convinces Stalin, who fearing an international conflict tends to be cautious,
34:17to let Kim Il-sung invade South Korea.
34:20South Korea's authoritarian ruler is Singmen Rhee,
34:29former opposition leader against the Japanese,
34:32who had colonized Korea for many years.
34:35The U.S. supports him,
34:37but doesn't give him the means to defend himself.
34:42The South Korean army calls for an emergency mobilization of troops to defend Seoul.
34:47They are outnumbered two to one by the north,
34:50and are poorly armed without armored tanks.
34:56Commander Pike Sun-yup and his unit are in charge of defending Seoul.
35:01He writes,
35:02Our soldiers have never seen a tank,
35:05and as soon as they hear the word tank,
35:07they fall down in shock.
35:09The North Korean army with its 150 Soviet T-34 tanks,
35:20one of World War II's best armored vehicles,
35:23and its 100,000 over-equipped troops,
35:25march into the southern capital,
35:27crushing all resistance on their path.
35:30On June 28th, 1950,
35:39on the morning of the third day of the assault,
35:41the North Koreans enter Seoul.
35:44They rush into the administrative buildings
35:46to steal all the confidential U.S. documents.
35:51The Soviet cameramen that accompany them
35:53stage the discovery of this map,
35:56which supposedly reveals a planned attack
35:58on the north by the south.
36:01This allows the communists to tell the people of Seoul
36:04who have stayed put and are immediately mobilized
36:06that the northern attack on their city
36:09is a preventive measure against the South Korean threat.
36:16June 1950,
36:18at the United Nations in New York,
36:20the Security Council holds an emergency meeting.
36:23The Soviet delegate has been absent for months
36:27in protest of America's refusal
36:29to recognize Communist China.
36:33The Council is able to vote a resolution
36:36asking the U.S. to take military action
36:38with their forces still based in Japan.
36:43These young soldiers fulfilling their duty
36:45have no idea of the hell that awaits them.
36:48Their commander, a historical figure,
36:54is the flamboyant General Douglas MacArthur,
36:57the man with the corncob pipe.
36:59One of the great Pacific War heroes,
37:01he is still commander-in-chief in Japan.
37:05He leaves for Korea.
37:11MacArthur and his limited troops
37:13land in Korea early July 1950
37:14to block the North Koreans' route.
37:22With such a famous leader,
37:24the U.S. troops are welcomed as saviors
37:26and are full of confidence.
37:31But these young Americans
37:33aren't given the means to fight.
37:35Their few tanks are in poor shape,
37:37and they have little ammunition
37:39for their cannons.
37:47The U.S. and South Korean troops
37:49backtrack toward the south,
37:51to Busan,
37:52the last available port.
37:56The entire North Korean army
37:58is mobilized to march on Busan.
38:01The stakes are crucial.
38:03They will win the war
38:05if they succeed in pushing
38:06the Americans back to the sea.
38:09The Americans and the South Koreans,
38:14overwhelmed by an enemy superior
38:16in number and arms,
38:17set up a defense perimeter.
38:28Throughout July 1950,
38:30the soldiers fighting to defend
38:32the Busan perimeter
38:33managed to hold out,
38:35thanks to the uninterrupted support
38:37of their air forces.
38:59The B-29s,
39:01the U.S. Air Force's super fortresses,
39:03receive permission to strike
39:04beyond the 38th parallel
39:06and target North Korea's arms factories.
39:09The civilians,
39:27who are collateral victims
39:29of the bomb strikes
39:30and the war unleashed
39:31by their regime,
39:32are filmed by the Soviets
39:34for their anti-American propaganda.
39:36The arms factories aren't hit,
39:54because most of them
39:55are underground.
39:57Working endless shifts
39:59in front of Soviet machinery
40:00under the portraits
40:01of Stalin and Kim Il-sung,
40:03these poor women
40:05manufacture millions of munitions
40:07until they pass out
40:08from exhaustion.
40:19August 1950,
40:21the American forces
40:23in the Busan perimeter
40:24are in trouble.
40:25They've lost many men.
40:30Almost 4,000 are dead,
40:32and 2,000 are captured,
40:34as filmed here
40:35by the Soviets.
40:39On August 14th,
40:41on Hill 303,
40:4345 American soldiers
40:44from the 5th Cavalry Regiment
40:46are captured and marched
40:47to a ravine
40:48where they are shot point-blank.
40:50One of these men,
40:55Corporal Day,
40:56has miraculously survived
40:58and is discovered
40:59under the corpses.
41:11America calls in
41:1390,000 reservists.
41:17Five years after being discharged
41:19at the end of World War II,
41:21these Americans,
41:22who have started families
41:23and found jobs,
41:24aren't so thrilled
41:25to don the uniform
41:26and go back to war.
41:36On behalf of the United Nations,
41:38thousands of men
41:39land in the port of Busan.
41:41Although their numbers
41:42are merely symbolic,
41:44there are Greeks,
41:45Filipinos,
41:46New Zealanders,
41:47British,
41:48Turks,
41:49and soon,
41:50the French.
41:53America's elite,
41:54the Marine Corps,
41:55continues to defend
41:56Busan throughout
41:57August 1950.
41:59These Marines
42:00and their planes,
42:01the famous
42:02Black Sheep Squadron,
42:04are back on the job.
42:06They drop canisters
42:07of gelled gasoline,
42:08better known as napalm,
42:10which burns everything
42:11within 100 square meters.
42:12The surviving North Koreans
42:27are in shock.
42:29They are captured
42:29and humiliated.
42:30But the pressure is on.
42:45Will the Americans
42:46hold out?
42:50What will General MacArthur do
42:52now that he commands
42:53the UN forces?
42:54The president of South Korea,
43:05Singman Rhee,
43:06calls upon those
43:07defending Busan.
43:11He urges,
43:13we will dig
43:14huge trenches
43:15and fill them
43:16with communists,
43:17then cover them over.
43:18True to his word,
43:23he executes
43:24100,000 suspects.
43:31Hatred breeds hatred
43:33and strengthens
43:36Kim Il-sung
43:37and especially
43:38Soviet General
43:39Shtikov's determination
43:40to pursue the war.
43:42Nothing can stop
43:48the wave
43:49of worldwide protests
43:50orchestrated by Stalin
43:52to denounce
43:53the American attack
43:54on Korea.
43:55Will the fear
43:56continue to escalate?
43:58Will China
43:59get involved
44:00in Korea
44:01or Indochina?
44:03Napoleon once said,
44:05when China wakes,
44:06the world will tremble.