英雄たちの選択 2025年3月17日
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00:00:01About 290 kilometers from Tokyo to the south.
00:00:06The two heroes, the visionaries, have landed on a small island floating in the Pacific Ocean.
00:00:13Isn't this amazing?
00:00:15It's amazing!
00:00:18I've always wanted to see Kojima Hachijo!
00:00:23Hachijo Island is located in the south of Izu Island.
00:00:27In recent years, the number of tourists has increased due to its becoming a popular anime stage.
00:00:34The environment, blessed with rich nature, is also attracting tourists as a new destination.
00:00:47It's such a southern island, but surprisingly, its history is also sleeping.
00:00:53In the past, Hachijo Island was a fishing island where those who committed a crime were washed ashore.
00:01:02During the Edo period, about 1,900 people were washed ashore on this island as fishermen.
00:01:11The first person to do so was Hideie Ukita, the Great Shogun of the Sengoku period.
00:01:18Hideie was the commander-in-chief of the Sengoku army during the battle of Sekigahara.
00:01:28As time passed, the Meiji period came to an end, and the island was abandoned.
00:01:33The last person to be forgiven was Tomizo Kondo.
00:01:39What kind of life did the two samurai live on this island?
00:01:48We visited Hachijo Island to find out the true story of the fishermen.
00:01:53Here it is.
00:01:55Did Kondo-san make this?
00:01:58Yes, he made it very well.
00:02:01How did he do it?
00:02:03He had to do anything to make a living, so he left a lot of works.
00:02:08He did such a detailed work.
00:02:12The sand was washed away, which is said to be more cruel than death penalty.
00:02:18However, when we followed the footprints of Hideie Ukita and Tomizo Kondo,
00:02:23we could see that the image of Luzai had changed.
00:02:28In the studio, they discussed how Luzai in the Edo period was connected to modern punishment.
00:02:37Luzai is close to the modern prison system.
00:02:41I think it was connected to the constitution of the prisoners that they had to live in this society.
00:02:46Hachijo Island is a forbidden island.
00:02:49We have to help them.
00:02:51So, it's a kind of solidarity, or a spirit of helping others.
00:02:55Whether we are fishermen or not, we are all friends.
00:02:59The series, the history of unknown islands,
00:03:02will dig up the history of sleeping on the islands of Japan.
00:03:09The first episode will be about the island of Hachijo Island,
00:03:13which is the largest island in Japan.
00:03:16The first episode will be about the island of Hachijo Island,
00:03:20which is the largest island in Japan.
00:03:46Good evening, everyone.
00:03:48Good evening.
00:03:49At the turning point of history, the choice was made by the heroes.
00:03:53What did they think and worry about at that time?
00:03:57And what would you do?
00:03:59This time, Mr. Isoda came to Hachijo Island.
00:04:03Wow, I'm finally here.
00:04:05I'm here.
00:04:06It was my wish, but I was finally able to come here.
00:04:10Hachijo Island is very popular these days.
00:04:15It has become a stage for popular animation on TV.
00:04:19That's right.
00:04:20There are more and more tourists from all over the world.
00:04:25Hachijo Island was built on an island.
00:04:28Living on an island means that you can live alone,
00:04:34or you can live with visitors.
00:04:39I think you can understand the structure of the island.
00:04:43I think it would be interesting to see how people who used to live there
00:04:48interact with each other and how they have lived together.
00:04:55Where should we start our history trip?
00:04:59Let's start with the story of Hideie Ukita.
00:05:07Okay.
00:05:09Hideie Ukita, a military officer of the Sengoku period.
00:05:15His name came from the battle of Sekigahara on September 15th, 1905.
00:05:25Tokugawa Ieyasu, the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Army,
00:05:31was awarded the title of Vizentuna Gon, or Hideie,
00:05:36before the Western Army Mitsunari Ishida.
00:05:43At the time, the 29-year-old young military officer Hideie
00:05:47was recognized as the commander-in-chief of the Western Army.
00:05:54As a result of the battle,
00:06:01Tokugawa Ieyasu, the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Army, was victorious.
00:06:07Hideie, the commander-in-chief of the Western Army, was defeated.
00:06:15On the 16th day of the battle,
00:06:20Mitsunari Ishida, the commander-in-chief of the Western Army,
00:06:24and Yukinaga Konishi, the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Army,
00:06:30were executed.
00:06:36However, Hideie Ukita, the commander-in-chief, was not there.
00:06:44Hideie was surrounded in Osaka right after the battle.
00:06:50Why did he manage to escape?
00:06:57At that time, Hideie had someone he could rely on.
00:07:03It was Maedake, a member of the Eastern Army.
00:07:11Hideie's wife, Gohime,
00:07:15was the daughter of Maeda Toshie and his wife, Houshunin.
00:07:24The letter of Houshunin, Hideie's wife, was left behind.
00:07:31It was really sad that Hideie was late to go to Satsuma.
00:07:38No matter how anxious he was, he was worried.
00:07:46Mr. Yasumasa Onishi, a researcher of Hideie Ukita, analyzed the letter.
00:07:54The fact that Houshunin in Edo knew a lot about Hideie
00:08:01means that Maedake's people were in direct contact with Hideie.
00:08:09In addition, there is a possibility that they were protecting Hideie's body
00:08:16or doing something to keep him from being found by Tokugawa.
00:08:21One year after the battle at Sekigahara,
00:08:25Hideie, supported by Maedake, boarded a ship from Sakai and headed for Satsuma.
00:08:34This is what Hideie wrote in his letter to Kashin.
00:08:40I want to deal with him as soon as possible.
00:08:50Hideie was eagerly waiting for the return of Daimyo.
00:08:57However...
00:09:00In the 8th year of Keicho, when Satsuma, Shimazuke, and Ieyasu made peace,
00:09:06Hideie's body was sent to Ieyasu as a proof.
00:09:15On the other hand, Shimazuke sued Ieyasu for the death of Hideie.
00:09:22Behind Hideie, there is Maedake of Kaga Hyakumangoku.
00:09:28Ieyasu ignored the appeal of Daimyo of Taigoku
00:09:32and worried that he couldn't punish Hideie.
00:09:36And...
00:09:39Three years later, Hideie was executed.
00:09:45He was exiled to Hachijojima.
00:09:50The road to Hachijojima was said to be hell.
00:09:57It is estimated that it took almost a month to reach the island
00:10:02by repeating the Shio-machi and Kaze-machi on the way.
00:10:07Ieyasu sent Hideie to the island of Zekkai
00:10:11and decided to completely cut ties with society.
00:10:18In April of Keicho 11,
00:10:21Hideie and his two sons landed on Hachijojima.
00:10:26A life far from the mainland was waiting for them there.
00:10:33The year before Orishi,
00:10:38the volcano of Hachijojima erupted.
00:10:45Lava and volcanic ash covered the surface of the island.
00:10:50The island was in a food crisis.
00:10:57Ashitaba was grown all over the island.
00:11:04It is said that Hideie was able to survive
00:11:07by eating the roots of the ashitaba.
00:11:14There is a story about Hideie's rescue.
00:11:19One day, Hideie was invited to a meal by the mayor of the island.
00:11:24However, Hideie did not touch the food in front of him
00:11:28and began to wrap the food with his hands.
00:11:36When the mayor asked why,
00:11:41he said, I have never seen such a feast since I came to this island.
00:11:46I would like to take it home and let my family eat it.
00:11:54The rescue arrived at Hideie's house, Hoshuin-in.
00:12:01Hideie, who was swept away by the island,
00:12:04probably had no place to stay.
00:12:07He had to support Hideie.
00:12:13He received rice and gold every year.
00:12:17Hideie's life, who became an innocent,
00:12:20was tied up by the mayor of Hoshuin-in.
00:12:31Thank you for coming today.
00:12:37This time, we will explore the history of Hachijojima,
00:12:40which became a landlocked area during the Edo period.
00:12:43What is your impression of Hachijojima?
00:12:46Mr. Oishi, what do you think?
00:12:48Looking at it from the Edo period,
00:12:51I think it is a small island where birds do not go.
00:12:57I think it was a place where you could not go back if you went too far.
00:13:03There were 13 cases of escape from the island.
00:13:09Only one was able to land safely on the mainland.
00:13:13I think it was a difficult place where you could not go back if you went too far.
00:13:19Mr. Hayashi, who lives on Hachijojima,
00:13:22what kind of island do you feel you live on?
00:13:25Hachijojima is 300 km from Tokyo,
00:13:28so black sand is flowing on the way.
00:13:31There are many islands where you can not go so easily.
00:13:38You can get there, but you can't get out again.
00:13:41It's right in the middle of the sea, so there's nothing to block it.
00:13:45The wind is strong.
00:13:47It's in the sea, so the humidity is strong all year round.
00:13:51The amount of rain is the third largest in Japan.
00:13:55When a typhoon or an earthquake comes,
00:13:57the ships and planes will be shut down immediately.
00:14:00It won't come for days.
00:14:02Bread and tofu will be sold out in supermarkets.
00:14:07Is that still the case?
00:14:09Yes.
00:14:10Hachijojima is a sacred place for fishermen.
00:14:16There are many fish and plankton that the black sand brings.
00:14:22It's a very good fishing ground.
00:14:24Hachijojima is famous for its grassland.
00:14:29The grassland is where fish are kept.
00:14:33There was a situation where you had to keep fish even though you caught a lot.
00:14:38You can catch a lot when you can, but you can't catch anything when you can't.
00:14:43It's an island where you can't live without being influenced by the natural environment.
00:14:49It's a huge island, so you can't rely on anything outside.
00:14:52I think it's an island in a situation like that.
00:14:57I see.
00:14:58Mr. Isada, what do you think about the punishment of island-flooding?
00:15:02In Japan, since the Shinwa era,
00:15:05people were forced to pay a lot of money.
00:15:07People were forced to pay a lot of money.
00:15:12Since the Asuka-Nara era,
00:15:16people have the idea that by paying far away,
00:15:21by paying far away,
00:15:24they can solve their problems.
00:15:28If you go to a place where no one is involved,
00:15:30and you are not in front of you, you will be safe.
00:15:32It is a Japanese punishment to be exiled from the community.
00:15:37Sin and impurity are gradually purified over time.
00:15:42It's similar to the current death penalty.
00:15:46The death penalty is a punishment to be exiled from society until you die.
00:15:51In Europe, many countries introduce death penalties after the execution.
00:15:57It's quite interesting in modern times.
00:15:59For example, in France and Italy,
00:16:02the death penalty has already been abolished,
00:16:04so the executioners of the death penalty
00:16:09sometimes issue death sentences because it's too painful.
00:16:15It's too painful to be exiled from society until you die.
00:16:24How severe is it for humans to be exiled from society
00:16:29and never be able to return to society?
00:16:33I think it's a good idea to think about today's theme.
00:16:39Mr. Oichi, what do you think about Ieyasu's accusation
00:16:43of exiling Hideyoshi Ukita on Hachijojima?
00:16:47I don't know for sure.
00:16:50First of all, Hideyoshi was the prime minister when he attacked Korea.
00:16:55He was also one of the five leaders of the Shinumagiwa.
00:16:58He was a pillar of the Toyotomi regime.
00:17:01He probably wanted to execute Hideyoshi like Mitsunari Ishida,
00:17:06but he actually let him go.
00:17:09And I think Hideyoshi Ukita probably calculated that
00:17:13he would be executed while he was hiding in Kagoshima.
00:17:17So I think it was quite difficult for him to do that.
00:17:22In that sense, I think the Shimanagashi was the final drop
00:17:26while both sides were playing tricks.
00:17:30Actually, Tokugawa wanted to punish Hideyoshi,
00:17:36but if he did that, Maeda might go against Tokugawa at once.
00:17:41Because it's not just Ukita.
00:17:45Hideyoshi is still in Osaka Castle.
00:17:48If Tokugawa tries to take action in Osaka,
00:17:52it's unrealistic to do it while Maeda is angry.
00:17:56So I think Hideyoshi couldn't do anything
00:17:59until the prime minister died and Maeda and Shitsune
00:18:04became strong Tokugawa.
00:18:10Ukita Hideyoshi was washed away by Hachijojima,
00:18:13but while he was living on the island,
00:18:16a big weather came.
00:18:21Here it comes.
00:18:24Hachijojima's Sofuku-ji is a temple built during the Kamakura period.
00:18:34This is also the shrine of Hideyoshi Ukita.
00:18:40What kind of person was Hideyoshi in this temple?
00:18:46He was an ordinary person.
00:18:52Hideyoshi is the first person of Hachijojima.
00:18:59Thanks to Hideyoshi, the culture of Hachijojima
00:19:02has been transmitted to the world.
00:19:07Because he was an ordinary person.
00:19:10That's right. Why did he become an ordinary person?
00:19:13I think this is because of Maedake and Shimazuke's feelings.
00:19:24If you say bad things, it will be a nuisance.
00:19:28I think he became close to the state of mind of a monk
00:19:32who practiced and opened up his wisdom.
00:19:41That way, he didn't get stressed.
00:19:45I see.
00:19:46It's like he went up to the second floor.
00:19:50Hideyoshi was 84 years old.
00:19:53He lived a long life.
00:19:55He lived the longest time in the history of Senkoku.
00:19:59Compared to the average life expectancy of the Senkoku period,
00:20:03it's a long time.
00:20:05Life expectancy on the island.
00:20:07Every time there's a pandemic, people die.
00:20:09There's a system called purification town.
00:20:11If you excavate the grave of Fushimi Joka in the Toyotomi period,
00:20:17more than two-thirds of men are infected with the disease.
00:20:20In other words, Toyotomi Hideyoshi collects people and lets them live.
00:20:25At the same time, we are in a state of COVID-19.
00:20:29In other words, we are in a situation where we continue to die from infectious diseases and pandemics.
00:20:33However, Hideyoshi, who moved to Hachijojima,
00:20:37where there was no infection,
00:20:41may be able to say that it was an exceptional long life.
00:20:49The head of the Kaga Maeda family, who supported Hideyoshi's life on the island,
00:20:54was Toshitsune, the second son of Hideyoshi.
00:20:58In Toshitsune's record,
00:21:00it is written that he sent a messenger to Hachijojima
00:21:04more than 20 years after he left the island.
00:21:10The messenger who visited Hideyoshi told him the words of Maeda Toshitsune.
00:21:16I will give you 100,000 pieces of land in my territory
00:21:20on the island of Bakufu.
00:21:27Hideyoshi, who heard this, wondered what it meant.
00:21:38The opportunity to return to the mainland, which he had been waiting for, has finally come.
00:21:43I will never let go of this tree.
00:21:46It's not just my own body.
00:21:49It's a shame that the children who followed me
00:21:52have to die on the island.
00:21:55Above all, if I can meet the Ogou who is waiting for us to return
00:21:59and reassure them,
00:22:02that is the hope of my life.
00:22:07The first-hand tree, which is said to have been planted by Hideyoshi himself.
00:22:14When the flower bloomed,
00:22:16there was a slope on the slope.
00:22:19On the island, this flower was called Goshamenbana.
00:22:23The people who came later also tied their lives to the slope
00:22:27with a desire for a part of the slope.
00:22:35No, wait.
00:22:37I, who was the commander of the Western army in Sekigahara
00:22:40and I, who was defeated,
00:22:42what value does it have to depend on the kindness of the Maedake and Bakufu
00:22:46to get 100,000 countries?
00:22:50If you think of Ishida Mitsunari, who was killed while fighting together,
00:22:55it's just a shame.
00:22:59Here, it is the appearance of a person who refuses to give up his life
00:23:03and quietly lives as a nomad.
00:23:11Should I accept the Maedake's request,
00:23:15or should I stay on the island?
00:23:19Hideyoshi's heart was shaken.
00:23:28Now, let's ask everyone about Hideyoshi's choice.
00:23:32There are two choices this time.
00:23:35The first choice is to return to the mainland according to the Maedake's request.
00:23:40And the second choice is to stay on Hatijo Island as it is.
00:23:45If you are in Hideyoshi's position, which one would you choose?
00:23:48Let's start with Mr. Oishi.
00:23:50I would choose to return to the mainland.
00:23:54If I return to the mainland and get 100,000 countries,
00:23:57I can rebuild my house.
00:24:01Then I can reemploy the dead.
00:24:06In that sense, I would like to go back to the mainland
00:24:11and do something related to politics or regional affairs again.
00:24:21Mr. Haesu, which one would you choose?
00:24:23I would choose to stay on the island.
00:24:28Mr. Sekihara is the prime minister of the Seikun.
00:24:32Mr. Mitsunari Ishizawa and Mr. Yukinaga Kunshu are still alive.
00:24:37Mr. Sekihara was the only one who survived.
00:24:40If I were to return to the time of Toyotomi Hideyoshi,
00:24:45I would still understand.
00:24:47I would think,
00:24:49there is no way I can call these people and try to revive them again.
00:24:54That's one of the problems.
00:24:57The whole island is a restricted area.
00:24:59We don't know when things will change.
00:25:02However, there is constant support.
00:25:06I think Mr. Yukinaga Kunshu was living a life
00:25:09where he didn't have to worry about food.
00:25:12He was always fishing.
00:25:15It was a very leisurely life.
00:25:18Until he was sent to the mainland, he lived a life full of stress.
00:25:23After he was sent to the mainland, he had no stress at all.
00:25:28I would like to leave that and return to a life of suffering.
00:25:35How about you, Mr. Kayano?
00:25:38I would choose to stay on the island.
00:25:43I would like to choose to stay on the island.
00:25:47It's really painful.
00:25:49It's painful to die.
00:25:51It's a once-in-a-lifetime chance to return to society.
00:25:54If I miss this chance, I will never be able to return to society.
00:25:57However,
00:25:59I wonder how realistic it is.
00:26:04If Toshitsune Maeda and the Maeda family
00:26:07ask the Shogun for a favor,
00:26:11how much of Ieyasu's decision will the Shogun overturn?
00:26:15If you think about it,
00:26:17I don't think it's realistic.
00:26:19If Toshitsune Maeda and the Maeda family
00:26:23ask the Shogun for a favor,
00:26:26it will have a negative impact on the relationship
00:26:30between the Shogun and the Maeda family.
00:26:33That's what I think.
00:26:35So,
00:26:38I feel like I have to kill my feelings
00:26:42and choose to stay on the island.
00:26:45That's what I think.
00:26:47Now that we've heard everyone's opinions,
00:26:50Isora-san, which one will you choose?
00:26:52My choice is
00:26:54to return to the mainland.
00:26:58If I stay on the island,
00:27:00I'll be healthy and I'll be able to live a long life.
00:27:03I understand.
00:27:04But if I stay on the island,
00:27:06it won't be fun.
00:27:07It's fun.
00:27:09I think it might be a good idea to try this.
00:27:14When the world of Tokugawa was in turmoil,
00:27:19Maeda's rebellion,
00:27:21which had a total of 1.2 million people,
00:27:23was the biggest rebellion,
00:27:25so he said to his descendants,
00:27:27If you do something like this,
00:27:29Tokugawa will do it again
00:27:31no matter how many centuries pass.
00:27:33That's how he created the anti-Tokugawa Maeda family.
00:27:36I see.
00:27:37I don't think I can do it.
00:27:39It's scary.
00:27:41That's why I can't forgive Tokugawa.
00:27:44But I want to try it.
00:27:47It's better to go back to the mainland.
00:27:49I'm curious, too.
00:27:55In the manuscript of Maeda Toshitsune,
00:27:57the Kaga Hanshu,
00:27:59there is a response from Hideie Ukita
00:28:01to Kisan's request.
00:28:05Hideie is grateful for the Maeda family's proposal,
00:28:10but he said to his descendants,
00:28:17I can't accept the proposal of 100,000 people.
00:28:20But please think about it carefully.
00:28:24If you're an old man on the first floor,
00:28:26I'm grateful for Kisan,
00:28:28but that's not my position.
00:28:33It would be better to die on this island.
00:28:40Hideie refused the Maeda family's proposal
00:28:44and chose to stay on the island.
00:28:52Hideie passed away at the age of 84.
00:29:00There was a grave of Hideie in Hachijojima.
00:29:04The grave of Hideie
00:29:08It says Hideie here.
00:29:10Hideie Chunagon.
00:29:12That's right.
00:29:16This is an old Itabijo grave.
00:29:20I think it says Namaamidabutsu.
00:29:23Is this a grave of the original owner?
00:29:26It's an old grave.
00:29:28Usually, the graves of the Daimyo
00:29:30are big, like a building,
00:29:33like a two-story building.
00:29:36But this is a small grave.
00:29:39But I like this one better.
00:29:42There are graves of their descendants and family around here.
00:29:50When you say Hideie Ukita,
00:29:52I had the image that he was a tragic warrior
00:29:54who was swept away by Hachijojima.
00:29:57He lived a long life.
00:30:00He had a good environment.
00:30:03He lived here for a long time.
00:30:06He was taken care of by everyone.
00:30:10He lived here for 50 years.
00:30:13He built a big grave,
00:30:15a big castle,
00:30:17and told people,
00:30:19I did this and that.
00:30:21It's not good for human health
00:30:24to live a life where you have to struggle
00:30:27to get what you want.
00:30:35On the other hand,
00:30:37Hideie's wife, Jushoin,
00:30:39also lived a hard life
00:30:41after the battle of Sekigahara.
00:30:46Her husband and two children
00:30:48were sent to Hachijojima by Hideie's wife.
00:30:51Jushoin lived a small life in Kanazawa.
00:30:5724 years after Hideie was swept away,
00:31:00in the 7th year of the Kanye period,
00:31:03a gift was delivered to Jushoin.
00:31:08Hideie entrusted the gift to his old friend,
00:31:11a flower pond and a side table.
00:31:18It is recorded that Jushoin shed tears.
00:31:30The Ukita family was pardoned in the 2nd year of the Meiji period.
00:31:34More than 260 years had passed
00:31:37since Hideie was swept away by Hachijojima.
00:31:42During that time,
00:31:44the Ukita family never left the island.
00:31:54Ukita Hideie refused the Maeda family's request
00:31:57and chose to stay on the island.
00:32:00Mr. Oishi, who chose to return to the mainland,
00:32:03what do you think about this?
00:32:05I think it was a very clever choice
00:32:08to avoid the friction and pressure
00:32:11between the Ukita family and the Maeda family.
00:32:16The Bakufu at the time
00:32:18used various Oiei swords to crush the Maeda family.
00:32:22In that case, there was no possibility
00:32:24that the Bakufu would fall into the hands of the Maeda family.
00:32:27In that case, the Maeda family would be involved
00:32:29from a political standpoint,
00:32:31and their family members would be wiped out.
00:32:34It was a wise decision to stay on the island.
00:32:38To be honest, I wanted him to come back.
00:32:43But history is not about whether it's interesting or not.
00:32:48But living on the island,
00:32:51Hachijojima changed a lot.
00:32:54It was a place where about 10 people lived together.
00:32:58It was a place where people could read and write.
00:33:04Hachijojima is an island that welcomes new people.
00:33:12When new people come,
00:33:14they bring new technology, knowledge, and culture.
00:33:19One more thing.
00:33:21You may not be aware of this,
00:33:23but it's a closed society,
00:33:25so the blood is getting thicker and thicker.
00:33:28When new people come,
00:33:30new blood comes in.
00:33:32When Hideo was swept away,
00:33:35Hideo's eldest son had a daikan daughter.
00:33:39So he was accepted.
00:33:41He wasn't just a criminal,
00:33:43but a friend.
00:33:45He was accepted.
00:33:47He was a criminal, but he had a wife and a family.
00:33:52Normally, it's forbidden.
00:33:55I don't know why, but it's been like that for a long time.
00:33:59He had a wife and a family,
00:34:03so there weren't many riots or riots.
00:34:08Also, Hachijojima is an island of funds.
00:34:11You have to help each other to survive.
00:34:14It's a spirit of helping each other.
00:34:18I don't know if I can say it's a friendly island
00:34:22where everyone is friends,
00:34:25but I think it was that kind of island.
00:34:29In that respect,
00:34:31the situation in which Hachijojima accepted Runin
00:34:35was like a prelude to the modernization of the Edo period.
00:34:40At first, it was a political crime.
00:34:43Hideo Ukita was sent there.
00:34:45At first, he was sent there as a military enemy.
00:34:50Even if he was a person like that,
00:34:53he had to be exiled.
00:34:56He was one of the people who had been exiled.
00:34:59If he couldn't be exiled,
00:35:01he would have to be exiled to society.
00:35:04But if he was exiled,
00:35:06he would have to live on his own.
00:35:09In fact, he was allowed to get married.
00:35:13On the contrary,
00:35:15he had to live in this society.
00:35:17I think it was connected to the structure of the exiles.
00:35:21In that respect,
00:35:23the flow of Bakufu,
00:35:25which changed from a military discipline
00:35:28to a modern discipline,
00:35:30was far away.
00:35:32Hachijojima was in the position
00:35:35that preceded it because it accepted Runin.
00:35:38I think I can say that.
00:35:42It's a reference to Hachijojima,
00:35:44which started with Hideo Ukita.
00:35:46It was abolished in the Meiji period.
00:35:49Next, let's look at the last person
00:35:51who became Runin.
00:35:55Hachijojima, which became the island of Rukei
00:35:58because Hideo Ukita was exiled.
00:36:05After more than 200 years,
00:36:07the last person who was allowed to be Runin
00:36:10was the samurai, Tomizo Kondo.
00:36:16In the second year of Bunka,
00:36:18Tomizo was born as the eldest son of the Kondo family
00:36:21at the foot of Edo.
00:36:27Tomizo's father was the explorer Juzo Kondo,
00:36:30who left his name in history
00:36:33by exploring the Chishima region of Ezo.
00:36:39In May of the 9th year of Bunsei,
00:36:41the Kondo family had an argument
00:36:43with a farmer who lived nearby.
00:36:47As a result, Tomizo killed his neighbor
00:36:50in a rude way.
00:36:53As a result of the trial,
00:36:55Tomizo was sent to Hachijojima.
00:37:02During the reign of Yoshimune, the 8th Shogun,
00:37:05Baku established a common law of punishment
00:37:09called the Kujikata Osadamegaki.
00:37:13The punishment was called the Rukei.
00:37:16Among the punishments,
00:37:18the punishment was called the Entou.
00:37:21At first, it was limited to political prisoners,
00:37:24but as time went by,
00:37:26it was applied to crimes such as murder.
00:37:33The next rule was the Entou.
00:37:38Even as a child,
00:37:40a person who has killed someone
00:37:43was first entrusted to a relative,
00:37:46and after the age of 15,
00:37:48he was sent to the Entou again.
00:37:51The rule was to give a chance of recovery
00:37:54to a minor who had committed a crime
00:37:57and not to punish him.
00:38:02In the fall of the 10th year of Bunsei,
00:38:05Tomizo Kondo arrived at Hachijojima
00:38:07on the Lunin Line.
00:38:09At the time, he was a 23-year-old young man.
00:38:15He was unable to provide food for his subordinates,
00:38:19so he had no choice but to help the locals.
00:38:25Then, he was attacked by a large army of Tenpo.
00:38:31This is what Tomizo wrote about that time.
00:38:36In order to survive on the island,
00:38:39he climbed mountains,
00:38:41went to fields,
00:38:43and ran to the beach.
00:38:45He searched desperately for food,
00:38:48but like others,
00:38:50he couldn't find any prey.
00:38:56There was no one to ask for help,
00:38:59and he suffered a lot as he lived.
00:39:06The proof that Tomizo lived on this island
00:39:09is still left all over the island.
00:39:14We asked Mr. Kaoru Hayashi to show us the way.
00:39:21Wow, what a magnificent stone wall.
00:39:24This is the stone wall that Tomizo noticed when he was asked.
00:39:30Lunin doesn't have any property,
00:39:34so it's free,
00:39:37but you have to work for it.
00:39:40He doesn't have a job,
00:39:43but he does a lot of things to make a living.
00:39:47He has a job,
00:39:49but he doesn't have a job.
00:39:52He does a lot of things to make a living.
00:39:55He did everything he could
00:39:58to make a living.
00:40:01I think that's one of the reasons
00:40:04why he noticed this stone wall.
00:40:07It's made of wood.
00:40:09The upper part is slanted,
00:40:11and it's like a castle.
00:40:13Like this?
00:40:15Yes, it's like a castle.
00:40:17That's what it looks like.
00:40:19There's a lot left.
00:40:27There were other things that Tomizo left behind on the island.
00:40:38This is the 36th volume of the Eight Diagrams
00:40:42written by Tomizo Kondo.
00:40:46Tomizo spent 40 years as a lunin.
00:40:50He continued to write a vast record,
00:40:53the Eight Diagrams.
00:40:55What was drawn there
00:40:58was the detailed geography of Hachijojima.
00:41:03The island's names are vividly depicted,
00:41:06such as the beautiful waterfalls.
00:41:10The Ashitaba, which saved people's lives
00:41:13during the Kikin period,
00:41:16and the Imo, which was the main food of the island.
00:41:22The island's history, culture,
00:41:25customs, dialects, etc.
00:41:28Everything was depicted there.
00:41:33Hachijojima's famous Kihachijo,
00:41:36which describes the cutting edge of real objects
00:41:39and the arrangement of colors.
00:41:44Everything was recorded in detail.
00:41:49It's rare to find such a large amount of information
00:41:53in such a long period of time.
00:42:00It was used by the famous Yanagida Kunio
00:42:03and other ethnographers.
00:42:06It's a precious document that can't be written
00:42:09without knowing the history and culture.
00:42:14The Edo period came to an end,
00:42:17and the Meiji period saw the end of the Rukei system.
00:42:24This is a picture of Tomizo Kondo
00:42:27and the people who were favored by the Meiji government
00:42:30returning to the mainland from the island.
00:42:36If you look closely,
00:42:39you can see them dancing with a sense of war,
00:42:42or they seem to be happy
00:42:45and full of expression.
00:42:49Tomizo was the last resident of the Edo period,
00:42:52and he was pardoned by the Meiji government.
00:42:55Tomizo returned to his birthplace,
00:42:58Tokyo, from the Edo period.
00:43:01It's been 53 years since he returned.
00:43:08Tomizo was the last resident of the Edo period,
00:43:11and he was pardoned by the Meiji government.
00:43:14It's been 53 years since he returned.
00:43:18Tomizo traveled to Osaka and other places in Japan
00:43:21over the next two years.
00:43:25What he saw there was the changing times.
00:43:28What he saw there was the changing times.
00:43:32Tomizo wondered how he would live his life.
00:43:35Tomizo wondered how he would live his life.
00:43:43I can't believe the world has changed so much.
00:43:46I can't believe the world has changed so much.
00:43:49I can't believe the world has changed so much.
00:43:53But I want to change the world
00:43:55and make a record of it
00:43:58and make a record of it
00:44:01like the Hachijo Jikki.
00:44:05But Tomizo had another idea.
00:44:08But Tomizo had another idea.
00:44:12I'm already 76 years old.
00:44:15I can't keep up with the new world.
00:44:18I can't keep up with the new world.
00:44:21If that's the case,
00:44:24I'd rather go back to the island where I spent most of my life.
00:44:27if that's the case, I'd rather go back to the island where I spent most of my life.
00:44:30I want to pass on my knowledge to my children
00:44:33on this island where there are few opportunities to learn.
00:44:36Let's continue making records.
00:44:39On this island, there is an indescribably fascinating world.
00:44:45Should he stay in Tokyo, or should he return to the island?
00:44:50It was time for Kondo Tomizo to make a choice.
00:44:59Let's take a look at Kondo Tomizo, who was the first resident of Hachijojima,
00:45:03and now the last resident of the Edo period.
00:45:08Actually, I didn't know the person named Kondo Tomizo until I went to Hachijojima.
00:45:13Mr. Hayashi, what kind of person is Kondo Tomizo?
00:45:17My father is Kondo Juzo.
00:45:20He is a famous person in Jishima-dan.
00:45:25He is the eldest son of Kondo Juzo.
00:45:29Kondo Tomizo is also said to be one of the Kijin-Henjin.
00:45:33Now that I think about it, he was a very passionate person.
00:45:38I think he was a great person.
00:45:43First of all, I would like to pay attention to the greatness of the Hachijojima period.
00:45:54I think it is surprising that he left such a record in such a harsh situation.
00:46:04I think he realized the importance of keeping such a record and improving society.
00:46:18When I asked Mr. Hayashi why he wrote this,
00:46:23he said it was to eat.
00:46:29My father is Kondo Juzo.
00:46:32He is a person who was recognized for his father's work in Hokkaido, which is far away from where he was born.
00:46:40If he was locked up, he would have seen his genetic ability and the work his father was doing.
00:46:48I think he was able to create a miracle of his own,
00:46:53because he was able to get something from his father's work.
00:46:58I think he was able to create a miracle of his own,
00:47:01because he was able to get something from his father's work.
00:47:05What do you think?
00:47:07In Hachijojima, you can't live without doing anything.
00:47:12There is no property, no land, nothing.
00:47:16You can make a drawing of a house,
00:47:19collect the remains of the house,
00:47:24and give it to the owner.
00:47:28Then, of course, you get a reward.
00:47:31You get food and food.
00:47:34If you do this for the wealthy, you can get something in return.
00:47:39I think that's what happened.
00:47:41Basically, I didn't feel like drawing anymore.
00:47:46In that sense, drawing has become a way of life.
00:47:53Looking at it from a very broad perspective,
00:47:56from the 18th century to the 19th century,
00:47:59of course, there were more and more colonies overseas,
00:48:02and more and more things were discovered.
00:48:05But there are still a lot of things to record.
00:48:08There is a movement in Europe to create a new world,
00:48:13to shape the system of land.
00:48:16This is not just about Bakumatsu,
00:48:18and it's not just about Japan.
00:48:21I think there is almost no doubt that it represents
00:48:26the world's simultaneous nature.
00:48:29Why is Kondo Tomizo in a place where
00:48:33he has lost contact with the outside world?
00:48:37I think it's amazing and interesting
00:48:42that he was able to represent such a world-like simultaneity.
00:48:49In the Edo period, when Kondo Tomizo came,
00:48:52how was the law for the prisoners developed?
00:48:57Mr. Oishi, what do you think?
00:48:59Since the Sengoku period, up until the early Edo period,
00:49:02there was strict punishment.
00:49:04There was strict punishment, such as hanging, burning, etc.
00:49:07There was strict punishment, such as hanging, burning, etc.
00:49:10It was gradually civilized,
00:49:13and Yoshimune, the 8th Shogun, was the one who summarized it all.
00:49:18Yoshimune was in charge of the judicial reform,
00:49:22and the judicial judgment that came out all over the Edo period,
00:49:26that was also part of the standard,
00:49:28but it was summarized as a total,
00:49:30and it was created as Osada no Engaki Hyakkajo.
00:49:33After the execution, there was Tokoro-barai,
00:49:36which was one of the main events.
00:49:39It wasn't just hanging.
00:49:41The punishment that was just hanging
00:49:44was gradually transformed into a legal system that expected justice.
00:49:51For example, in Hasegawa Heizo,
00:49:53there was an activity that allowed people who didn't commit a crime
00:49:56but were hard to live with to be able to
00:49:59return to society.
00:50:02In that sense, the Edo Shogunate was a society
00:50:05that allowed people who committed a crime,
00:50:08even though it was a crime, to return to society.
00:50:11It was a society that allowed people to retry.
00:50:17In the 15th year of the Meiji period,
00:50:20Tomizo Kondo left Tokyo and boarded a ship.
00:50:25Tomizo returned to Hachijojima on his own volition.
00:50:34Even though he was finally forgiven,
00:50:37why did Tomizo decide to return to Rukeichi?
00:50:43The Hachijojiki has a record of his death.
00:50:50At that time, Tomizo, who was traveling around Japan,
00:50:54was staying at a hotel in Hakone to return to Tokyo.
00:50:58A staff member from the same room asked Tomizo,
00:51:02how can I get a license for martial arts?
00:51:06He was a young man with a lot of experience.
00:51:12Tomizo said,
00:51:15I have never passed such a thing without knowing it.
00:51:19If I learn it by heart and fight with someone like me,
00:51:23there is a danger to my life.
00:51:27Rather than that, it is better to run away.
00:51:34Tomizo faced his own sin of murdering his neighbor.
00:51:38He had to fight against the guilt of the execution,
00:51:42and the meaninglessness of the conflict.
00:51:46He regretted his actions.
00:51:49As a result, the value of Hachijojima
00:51:52was considered to be unobtainable.
00:51:59Tomizo returned to his island.
00:52:01He continued to record the life of Hachijojima
00:52:05while camping at Kannon-do, which was divided into mountains.
00:52:13Tomizo recited a sutra.
00:52:18Mono iwaji, kakaji to omoi omoedomo,
00:52:23mata ayanaku mo shimesu mizukuki.
00:52:30I wonder if I should say something or write something,
00:52:34but I put the brush in my mouth again.
00:52:37When he realized it, he started to write.
00:52:45In June of the 20th year of Meiji,
00:52:48Tomizo died at the age of 83 on Hachijojima.
00:52:57Is this Tomizo's grave?
00:53:00That's right.
00:53:03Tomizo's grave is in the center.
00:53:07Next to it is the grave of his wife, Itsu, who died on the island.
00:53:14And...
00:53:17This big one is Tomizo's certificate.
00:53:21There are letters on it.
00:53:23Yes, there are a lot of letters.
00:53:25But it's hard to read.
00:53:27Many people say they can't read.
00:53:31But it's pretty hard to read.
00:53:33This is interesting.
00:53:35This is made of wood, so it looks like an egg of a worm.
00:53:42This is a worm, right?
00:53:44If a worm attacks your skin,
00:53:48you don't dare to kill it,
00:53:52so people around you go ahead and peep at it.
00:53:57But you don't want that.
00:53:59You don't want to get close to it.
00:54:01You don't want to get close to it,
00:54:03and you don't want to harm it.
00:54:08Until the end of the year,
00:54:11Tomizo avoided harming even a single insect
00:54:14and tried to live a dignified life.
00:54:17The people of the island were moved by his way of life,
00:54:21and they paid tribute to Hachijojima,
00:54:24and donated money.
00:54:29This time, we looked at the history of Hachijojima
00:54:33through the stories of the two samurai who died there.
00:54:36What did you think of Hachijojima?
00:54:39When I heard the story of a layman,
00:54:43I thought he was very important.
00:54:48He was a layman,
00:54:51so I thought he had a bad image.
00:54:56But he didn't have that at all.
00:54:59I don't know what to say.
00:55:01I didn't see him as a layman.
00:55:04I thought he was a neighbor.
00:55:06I thought he was like that.
00:55:09I thought it was strange.
00:55:12I thought that was the society of Hachijojima.
00:55:16So I think the two of them chose Hachijojima.
00:55:20That's what I think.
00:55:23After the war ended,
00:55:26the peace in the Edo period came to an end,
00:55:29and the people who came to the island changed.
00:55:32But when there was an environment where everyone had to live,
00:55:36the people who went there probably followed the rules of the village
00:55:40and the community,
00:55:42and if they weren't allowed to live together,
00:55:45they couldn't live on their own.
00:55:47I think they probably lived according to the rules of the island
00:55:52and got used to the community.
00:55:55I wonder what it would have been like
00:55:58if the island was a place where people came to live over and over again.
00:56:02I think it was an island society
00:56:05that had the power to regenerate,
00:56:08educate, and force.
00:56:11At the same time,
00:56:13I think the island had the power to be versatile and inclusive
00:56:17in dealing with the problems of the society.
00:56:21Mr. Kairon, what did you think?
00:56:24Both Hideie Ukita and Tomizo Kondo
00:56:27had a chance to leave the island once,
00:56:30but they chose to stay on the island.
00:56:34I think the meaning of this is deeper than we think.
00:56:39I think there was something that made the people think
00:56:43that they should stay on the island.
00:56:46I think it was an island that had that kind of versatility,
00:56:49and I think there was history in the island.
00:56:52So, I think it's more important for us
00:56:55to look at the people from Hachijojima
00:56:58than we think,
00:57:01and I think the power of versatility
00:57:04and the power to accept people from Hachijojima.
00:57:07In the Edo period,
00:57:10about 1,900 people came to the island.
00:57:13What was the power to accept them?
00:57:16In the future,
00:57:19as the population of Japan decreases,
00:57:22we have to seriously think about
00:57:25how to get along with the people who came.
00:57:28It's a time when we have to think about it.
00:57:31I think it's okay to be surprised
00:57:34that so many people came to the island
00:57:37at the scale of the population of Japan.
00:57:47Mr. Isoda, how was your trip to Hachijojima?
00:57:51It was very interesting.
00:57:54When I came to the island,
00:57:57I could see a lot of things coming out.
00:58:05In the complex social system of the mainland,
00:58:08there are a lot of things that are hidden
00:58:11when people are alive.
00:58:14For example, Ukita Hideie,
00:58:17and Tomizo Kondo.
00:58:20There are a lot of things in the mainland.
00:58:23What should I do to live as an individual?
00:58:26Then all the good and bad sides of that person
00:58:29will come out.
00:58:32The island is not closed,
00:58:35but it's a place to open.
00:58:38You may think it's a prison,
00:58:41but the island is a place to open people.
00:58:44That's what I thought.
00:58:53The Island of Beauty
00:59:01Bernard Leach, the artist of The Island of Beauty.
00:59:04He will tell the story of Leach,
00:59:07hidden in a popular vessel.
00:59:10The Island of Beauty will be moved
00:59:13at 9.15 p.m. on Friday.
00:59:16Germany, Erfurt.
00:59:20Meet people who share a little fun
00:59:23in a town that goes back to the Middle Ages.
00:59:26NHK BS, Tuesday night at 7 p.m.
00:59:31D-League
00:59:33Gunma Crane Thunders vs.
00:59:36Chiba Jets
00:59:39Live on NHK BS from 7 p.m. on the 19th
00:59:44Kyoei Japan Championship
00:59:47Many famous swimmers have made history
00:59:50and will finally meet for the 100th time.
00:59:53Broadcast live from 4.30 p.m. on the 20th.