世界熱中ひとり旅 2025年3月6日
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Short filmTranscript
00:00I'm so excited right now.
00:08I visited Venice, the city of water in Italy.
00:16When you go inside, you can see the shadow of light and shadow.
00:23I thought it was so beautiful.
00:25Wherever I go, I feel like I'm in the middle of a maze.
00:34I feel like I'm lost.
00:40A beautiful and mysterious city.
00:47This time, I'm going to challenge the history of this city.
00:58Venice, a city built on the sun.
01:02It used to be one country.
01:06The Venetian Republic flourished for more than 1,000 years.
01:10The overwhelming wealth supported the prosperity.
01:16Venice, a city built on the sun.
01:22This is the ancient city of Cosimo.
01:27This country was ruled by merchants.
01:33It survived by trading and bargaining.
01:40However, in its 1,000-year history, it was in danger of extinction before the invasion of a great power.
01:50That country is...
01:56It is the Ottoman Empire, a Muslim state that flourished mainly in Turkey.
02:03Under the rule of the so-called Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman Empire continued to expand rapidly.
02:08In the middle of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire aimed to conquer Venice.
02:16Venice lost its bargaining power in front of the overwhelming military power.
02:22However...
02:25At one point, the Ottoman Empire suddenly stopped advancing.
02:32There was a woman.
02:37She was the daughter of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the mother of the next Sultan.
02:43Her name is Nurbanu.
02:48Her life is described as a life of evil.
02:53She traded with Venice.
02:56It is said that she took control of the country with her own hands.
03:04Wow, there are only books.
03:10In recent years, four documents showing Nurbanu's completely different appearance have been found in the secret archive of the Republic of Venice.
03:21In turn, Nurbanu sought an alliance with Venice to put in minority those parts of the court that were against her.
03:37In the sea, in the air...
03:40The fact that Nurbanu, who was seen as an evil woman, was shocked by the investigation.
03:47The fact that Nurbanu, who was seen as an evil woman, was shocked by the investigation.
03:55The secret of peace that was hidden in the history of the city of water for a thousand years.
04:03The secret of peace that was hidden in the history of the city of water for a thousand years.
04:13Sasaki-san, who has been shown to solve mysterious mysteries and human dramas hidden in history.
04:28This is beautiful.
04:33At the beginning of the trip, we visited the source of Venice's wealth.
04:43It's like a fortress to prevent intruders.
04:47This is the National Shipyard of the Republic of Venice.
04:56Shipyard.
04:57There are various shipyards.
04:59They must have built big ships.
05:03Since the 12th century, ships have been built and exported to various places.
05:08The ships of Venice were of the highest quality in the Mediterranean.
05:13They were the main transportation in the 19th century until railways became popular.
05:21If there was a plane, it would be like a shinkansen.
05:30Venice has a system to protect the ship's technology.
05:40It's called patent.
05:42The government protects the technology for 10 years.
05:45If a ship is built without permission, the government will take a penalty and destroy it.
05:53I don't want to destroy the technology.
05:58If I have the technology, I can make a lot of money.
06:07Another source of Venice's wealth is the sea.
06:16It's salt.
06:18It was a must-have for salarymen.
06:28Venice established the technology of salt water.
06:34It spread to the Mediterranean and built a mass production system.
06:41Salt and ships.
06:43Venice used two products to dominate the trade.
06:49The East of the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea.
06:55How much wealth was brought by the sea?
07:01There is a place that shows it.
07:05It's the Ducale Palace, where the government of the Republic of Venice was.
07:10Visitors were allowed to visit the palace before the general public.
07:25I didn't know it was so big inside.
07:35It looks like this during the day.
07:38The palace was built in the 8th century.
07:41It was very luxurious.
07:55The palace was built in the 8th century.
08:03I'm getting cold feet.
08:06I'm going to take a bath.
08:14Let's go to the largest room in the palace.
08:24The palace was built in the 8th century.
08:43I'm getting cold feet.
08:48I'm going to take a bath.
08:55The walls and ceilings were filled with paintings.
09:01Venice was a republic.
09:04There was no king or emperor.
09:07Doge, the leader of the country, was also elected.
09:14Doge was the representative of the Monarchy.
09:17In Japan, the monarchy existed from the Asuka period to the Edo period for 1100 years.
09:28One company grew bigger.
09:33The president was elected and the monarchy grew bigger.
09:40It lasted 1100 years.
09:44I'm getting cold feet.
09:49I'm getting cold feet.
09:54Doge was sitting in the middle of the room.
10:00When he saw this simple chair, he had a thought.
10:09I don't want to put my work on the table.
10:18I'm afraid of that.
10:31Money and economy are important.
10:36That's the only way to connect them.
10:43Venice was not a large territory.
10:46It was a place where people lived to see the sea.
10:50The sea was in danger in 1453.
10:58Constantinople fell.
11:02The Byzantine Empire flourished in the east of the Mediterranean Sea for a long time.
11:08It was destroyed by the Islamic Empire, the Ottoman Empire, which expanded rapidly.
11:20The Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople and the capital.
11:25Eventually, the city was renamed Istanbul.
11:30In Istanbul, the shipyard was renovated.
11:36The next target was Venice, which had the right to the Adriatic Sea.
11:51Venice's countermeasures to the threat of the Ottoman Empire were heartless.
12:00It was the time of the war with the Turks.
12:05There was a possibility of invasion.
12:11The fortress was made of stone.
12:14It is said that it was after the cannon was fired that the fortress was built.
12:21Venice did not have a fortified defense system around the lagoon.
12:29It had a more representative function.
12:34When an emperor or a pontiff arrived, he was brought here to show the military importance of the republic.
12:47It may be a sight to behold, but I don't think it would have been possible without the army.
13:00The Ottoman Empire attacked the defense bases in the Mediterranean Sea one after another.
13:09Venice was also defeated.
13:17And in 1570, Cyprus was the target of the Ottoman Empire.
13:25Cyprus was the largest base of the Mediterranean Sea attack.
13:32On this island, where Venice was the largest base of the Mediterranean Sea attack, a large army attacked.
13:46The grave of one person who tells the result of the battle is in Venice.
13:53The owner of the grave is General Bragadin.
13:58He was the general of Venice who protected Cyprus.
14:02He fought for half a year and surrendered after promising the liberation of the citizens.
14:08However, his representative was reckless.
14:14He peeled off the skin alive.
14:19The general died of blood loss.
14:24I don't think it was a normal execution.
14:29I think it was just a show to see if it was a normal execution.
14:36The republic government could only bury the general's skin here.
14:44It must have been a sense of crisis.
14:48It must have been a desperate situation.
14:54After the fall of Cyprus, Venice asked for the support of the Roman Pope, the leader of the Catholics.
15:00The Pope ordered the formation of an alliance between the European countries.
15:06They challenged the Ottoman Empire to a decisive battle.
15:11One of the pictures depicting the decisive battle is in the Ducale Palace.
15:23It's huge.
15:30The name is the Battle of Levant.
15:351571
15:39The battle took place in Levant, Greece in 1571.
15:47The allied fleet, including the Venetian fleet, was equipped with the latest cannons.
16:02The battle ended in one day.
16:05The victory of the allied fleet.
16:07The novel by Don Quixote, written in Spain,
16:13wrote that it was the greatest moment of his life.
16:21But the result of the victory was not easy.
16:28Because the Ottoman Empire rebuilt quickly,
16:32they could not recapture Cyprus, which was the biggest target of the war.
16:39Many soldiers of each country were captured by the Ottoman Empire on their way back.
16:46Cervantes was also captured and became a prisoner for four years.
16:52Ducale Palace
16:55In the Battle of Levant, a small part of Venetia is displayed in the palace.
17:05What was also depicted in that picture
17:10is the lamp that was attached to the Ottoman Empire's ship.
17:15The battle is about to begin.
17:18This is the battle trophy.
17:21I can't say I won,
17:24but I can't say I couldn't do this much.
17:28I can't say I'm going to just give up.
17:34I can't say I'm going to just look down on it as a loser.
17:45The Ottoman Empire was still powerful and could not escape the crisis of extinction.
17:54But after this, something strange happened.
18:00Suddenly, the Ottoman Empire stopped the war with Venice for 70 years.
18:10In recent years, the existence of a woman has come up as a big reason.
18:18A woman who was taken as a villain who wanted power in the Ottoman Empire.
18:25Her name is Nurbanu.
18:39Professor Vera Konstantini, who studies foreign affairs in the Republic of Venice.
18:46She studies the mysterious villainess of the Ottoman Empire, Nurbanu.
18:53Sasaki-san visited the National Library of Venice under the guidance of the professor.
19:23Oh, this is the world of movies.
19:29There are a lot of Harry Potter books.
19:34Wow, there are only books.
19:37What?
19:40We are in the heart of the Venetian state, represented by its documents.
19:47Here are the documents of all the main bodies of the state of the Republic of Venice.
19:55Preserved from the foundation until the end of its institutional experience, at the end of the 19th century.
20:04It's amazing.
20:06It's easy to forget the experience, but it's better to keep it as a record to learn from the past.
20:19In Venice, where there are no kings or emperors, records are more important than words.
20:26Merchants and diplomats submitted records in a hurry.
20:31Among them, there was also a record of trade with the Ottoman Empire.
20:38Now we are approaching very important documents, manuscripts,
20:45to understand the relations between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire,
20:50thanks to the figure of Sultana Nurbanu.
20:56In the first place, there is no image of Nurbanu on the Ottoman side.
21:03What we know is that in 1543, he became the son of Sultan Selim II,
21:13and gave birth to a son three years later.
21:19There are more and more records about Nurbanu.
21:22After more than a hundred years after her death,
21:26it is said that she was manipulating her husband, Selim, in the shadows.
21:31She hid her husband's body in the refrigerator to make his son, who was on a expedition,
21:38and earned time.
21:40It's full of malice.
21:43However, according to the persistent investigation of experts,
21:47in the era when she was alive, not after the death of Nurbanu,
21:51a document about her was found in Venice.
21:57This time, the professor selected four documents that are deeply related to Nurbanu.
22:051559.
22:08In this period, in 1559, Solomon the Magnificent was still on the throne,
22:16who was the father of Nurbanu's husband.
22:20A Chavush arrives at the Ducal Palace, a supposed Chavush,
22:26but then history will show that he was an impostor,
22:30who presents himself with letters and credentials that seem to be true,
22:35saying that the Sultana wants to know about her descendants.
22:44The deceased talked about the prince's princess, Nurbanu.
22:52The prince's princess said this.
22:55When the Ottoman Empire once occupied Palestine,
23:00she was sent to the capital as a prisoner.
23:04Her home is in Venice's famous gate, Venice,
23:08and her real name is Cecilia.
23:11She was trapped when she was young, so she wanted to know at least about her ancestors.
23:20Nurbanu was originally from Venice's nobility,
23:24but she was taken to Istanbul as a prisoner,
23:28and became the prince's princess.
23:35Despite the lack of details,
23:37why would the prince's princess want to say that she was from Venice?
23:44Whether or not they should get together,
23:47the Venice Assembly is in a state of confusion, as you can see from the letters.
23:53And in this case, on the occasion of this deliberation,
23:57there are a lot of dishonest people, 17.
24:01If we look at other deliberations,
24:04one, zero, two at most.
24:08But in this case, 17. There are a lot of them.
24:13It's better to be strong for something that didn't happen, right?
24:18Why did she say that?
24:22Since Soliman had many children,
24:28it was possible that Nurbanu, who wanted her husband to become sultan,
24:34would look for a noble genealogy for herself,
24:39in order to further ennoble her husband's succession to the Ottoman throne.
24:48Suleyman I, the emperor, who had expanded the territory of the Ottoman Empire.
24:54After meeting this successor,
24:56Nurbanu's husband, Selim, was fighting fiercely with his younger brother, Bayazid.
25:04Nurbanu, who tried to get her husband to become the king,
25:08contacted Venice without hesitation.
25:11But right after this, an unexpected incident happened.
25:17She found out that her brother had sent troops to kill her brother, Selim.
25:23Her brother was punished for his crime.
25:28In the end, Nurbanu's husband, Selim, became the next sultan.
25:33The battle with Lepanto was also a battle that took place during Selim's reign.
25:40Selim drowned in alcohol and died at the age of 50.
25:45The next sultan was Nurbanu's son, Murat.
25:52In the Ottoman Empire, the sultan's mother was called Valide Sultan.
25:59Nurbanu, who was from the Republic of Venice,
26:03gained a great position in the Ottoman Empire.
26:09Nurbanu became Valide Sultan three years after the battle with Lepanto.
26:15At this time, Venice, which was in a critical situation, was at a loss.
26:26The second document left a fresh record.
26:32Here, Nurbanu mentions that he will continue to favor the Republic of Venice.
26:41He says it clearly.
26:44He couldn't wait to have a sultan inside the imperial palace,
26:51perhaps the future Valide Sultan, who was originally Venetian.
26:57So he could have a privileged relationship with Venice.
27:02He was given authority to spend up to 1,000 cecchini in those things.
27:10He will judge that they can be grateful to the sultana.
27:17Cecchini had a Venetian wife.
27:211,000 cecchini is equivalent to 3.6 kg of gold,
27:26which is now worth more than 50 million yen.
27:30At that time, it was worth more than double that.
27:35There was a reason why he hurried to send such a large sum of money.
27:42At the time of the Battle of Lepanto,
27:46we are talking about the era of Cleuciali-Pasha.
27:51Therefore, this theory that Cleuciali was trying to conquer Venice
27:58could somehow be true.
28:02This theory that Cleuciali was trying to conquer Venice
28:09could somehow have stimulated Nurbanu
28:14to look for a particular relationship with Venice
28:18in order to prevent this conquest from taking place.
28:24It is always difficult to understand the internal balances of the Ottoman court.
28:31I think it is more efficient to fight
28:36than to fight.
28:39I think it is more efficient to fight than to fight.
28:44If we don't have to go to war,
28:47if we don't have to go to war,
28:53Is this how the Venetian gift strategy worked?
28:57Even though the emperor declared war on Venice,
29:02Nurbanu's son, Murat III, did not approve of it.
29:11The part that supported the war against Venice
29:15for the conquest of Cyprus
29:18was in opposition to Nurbanu.
29:22Nurbanu was looking for an alliance with Venice
29:27in order to put in minority those parts of the court
29:32that were against him.
29:35Why did he continue to avoid war with Venice so blatantly?
29:42In the third article,
29:44it was written about Nurbanu's weakness.
29:53In this document,
29:55it is about the dance in Constantinople.
30:00It is about a Corfu man
30:05who brings a very important message to Nurbanu.
30:09He manages to convey this message
30:13in a letter in which Nurbanu's alleged mother
30:19asks to see her and gives her some news.
30:23She says that Nurbanu was kidnapped at the age of seven
30:28during the Ottoman siege of Corfu in 1537,
30:34when Nurbanu's entire family,
30:38who was called Kali...
30:42At first glance,
30:44this letter is the same content as the first article.
30:48However, in the first article,
30:51it is about a girl named Cecilia from Palestine.
30:55In the third article,
30:57it is about Nurbanu's management of Corfu.
31:03Palestine and Corfu
31:05were conquered almost at the same time by the Ottoman Empire,
31:09600 kilometers apart.
31:15In the first article,
31:17it is about a Venetian nobleman from the Venetian family.
31:22In the third article,
31:26it is about a request from a Greek lady from Corfu
31:32who had been rescued from slavery
31:36and wanted to see her daughter again,
31:39knowing that in the meantime
31:41she had become the wife of Sultan Selim
31:44and then the mother of Murad III.
31:49We are probably getting closer to the truth.
31:52It is never safe to find the truth in documents.
31:56The truth...
31:58We are getting closer to the truth.
32:00It is probable, much more probable.
32:03We know that the Venetian nobles,
32:06the Venetian noblewomen,
32:08had difficulty moving from Venice.
32:12But, in my opinion,
32:14she had a great need to ennoble herself.
32:19Knowing that she had an aristocratic past
32:24could help her build steps
32:29to gain power over her husband and then her son.
32:38Even with this information,
32:40known as the weakness of Nuremberg,
32:42Venice was not particularly popular.
32:48Collecting elements that allow
32:51to facilitate the re-establishment of peaceful relations
32:57between the two states.
32:59In general, she wants to show herself
33:03as a noble descendant.
33:06And this, of course,
33:09implies a bond with Venice.
33:13We all thought she was lying.
33:19And we said,
33:21it would be better for her to win the war.
33:25But, in the end,
33:27she did not win the war.
33:33Her courage,
33:37her acting,
33:44she was a great actress.
33:46We all agreed that she would win the war.
33:52Even in Turkey,
33:54research on Nuremberg is ongoing.
33:59Istanbul University's Dr. Tijen Sabirli-Haksi
34:04thoroughly investigated the books
34:06that were exchanged in the palace
34:08and understood Nuremberg's political intentions.
34:13We know very little about the position in the palace.
34:16We do not have much idea
34:18that she was very prominent
34:20or that she could intervene in many areas.
34:23But, of course,
34:25we know that after her husband's death,
34:28she was able to get her son to the throne
34:31because she was able to get him to the throne.
34:34We know that she was able to get
34:36Murad III to the throne.
34:41Why did the ministers support Nuremberg's parents-in-law?
34:45Dr. Haksi believes that
34:47the Ottoman Empire's national policy
34:49had a big change in the background.
34:54We should evaluate Nuremberg's policy
34:56in this way.
34:58During the reign of Yavuz Sultan Selim,
35:02the treasury was very high.
35:05And during the reign of Kanun,
35:07she started to rule in a very large area.
35:09But, for the reign of Kanun's son,
35:11Murad II and Murad III,
35:13it is not possible to say
35:15that the development continued at the same rate.
35:17Therefore, we can say that
35:19Nuremberg Sultan's policy
35:21was based on protecting the existing
35:23in the economy and commercial life.
35:25So, we should protect the existing
35:27as much as possible
35:29and not fall back.
35:31But how can we evaluate
35:33our existing potential to the maximum?
35:35Let's be in commercial relations with this.
35:39If we talk about the commercial activities
35:41during the reign of Nurbanu Sultan
35:43or the role of Nurbanu Sultan
35:45in the Ottoman economy,
35:47the main topic is the Venetians.
35:49So, the commercial relations with the Venetians
35:51are in the first place here.
35:53The others are a little behind.
35:55In every movement, trade with the Venetians
35:57is already a very important thing
35:59for the Ottoman economy.
36:01But when we look at it from the point of view
36:03of Nurbanu Sultan,
36:05her own Venetian roots
36:07will be more advantageous here.
36:13Croatia, across the Adriatic Sea
36:15from Italy.
36:17The connection between the Ottoman Empire
36:19and the Venetians
36:21is being investigated
36:23in a colorful way.
36:27The Galliana-Grossa Canal.
36:31According to the records of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,
36:34in 1583,
36:36the ship was found to have sailed
36:38to Venice by loading
36:40Nurbanu and his son,
36:42Murat III,
36:44and the cargo of the deal.
36:46It sank in a storm,
36:48but until the 20th century,
36:50the cargo was sealed
36:52in the sand.
36:55This stone is paint.
36:59Venetian paint
37:01was considered
37:03the highest quality.
37:07Inside this steel cabinet,
37:09what was firmly contained
37:11was a 54-meter-long
37:13silk fabric.
37:17According to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,
37:19it was said to have been
37:21the highest quality silk
37:23and a special gift
37:25to Nurbanu.
37:29Among the precious
37:31pilings,
37:33there was one that was found
37:35in Venice.
37:37Even now,
37:39it is still famous
37:41as a Venetian specialty.
37:47It's really interesting.
37:49It's really fun.
37:52What we visited
37:54was a Venetian specialty,
37:56the Glass Workshop.
37:58It is said that a large amount
38:00of glass was found
38:02in the sinking ship.
38:04Wait a minute.
38:06That was a plate.
38:08What?
38:11What's going on?
38:13The glass vessel
38:15is expanding.
38:17What?
38:19It's expanding.
38:21The vessel is expanding
38:25and it became
38:27a round plate.
38:31It became a round plate.
38:33It's like
38:35a pizza.
38:41What are you making?
38:44This is the traditional
38:46processing of Venetian rulli.
38:49That's right.
38:52The round window glass
38:54was the one
38:56that was found
38:58the most in the sinking ship.
39:01Good morning.
39:03Good morning.
39:05After it is baked,
39:07professional craftsmen
39:09line it up
39:11and put it in a frame
39:13to make a window.
39:20It's so thin.
39:25It's really thin.
39:27It's very thin and precise.
39:29The lead is soft
39:31and the glass
39:33is very elastic.
39:35If the glass is very light,
39:37you can do it.
39:39At the same time,
39:41it is very resistant
39:43to strong winds.
39:45It is the best solution
39:47at that time.
39:50Venetia, surrounded by the sea,
39:52is affected by the rain.
39:54Thanks to this thin and flexible
39:56glass,
39:58it was able to protect
40:00the building.
40:04It's easy to use,
40:06but the beauty
40:08of it is eye-catching.
40:10Because each piece
40:12is handmade,
40:14the light enters
40:16in a different way
40:18and creates a mysterious
40:20radiance.
40:22It's very beautiful
40:24when you see
40:26how soft it is.
40:30It's very relaxing.
40:38The large amount of round glass
40:40that was piled up
40:42on the sinking ship
40:44was prepared
40:46to be used
40:48in the bathroom.
40:50According to the official document,
40:52there were 5,000 pieces.
40:56What happened
40:58after the ship sank?
41:00When we visited the bathroom
41:02of the remaining Sultan,
41:04we found a round window
41:06on the ceiling.
41:08It is believed that
41:10Venetia remade it
41:12and sent it.
41:16I'm sorry.
41:18It sank.
41:20But I'll send it right away.
41:22I'll send it to Osman.
41:24Don't do that.
41:26It's cheap.
41:28After service is cheap.
41:30I don't think it's bad.
41:32It's a big deal
41:34to use it
41:36on the ceiling
41:38of the bathroom.
41:40It's a big deal
41:42to use it
41:44on the ceiling
41:46of the bathroom.
41:48It's beautiful.
41:50It's beautiful.
41:52We don't sell it
41:54one-sidedly.
41:56We both want
41:58to buy it.
42:00We both want
42:02to buy it.
42:04If we fight,
42:06we both lose money.
42:08If possible,
42:10I want to keep it
42:12in peace.
42:14Many cultural artists
42:16of the Ottoman Empire
42:18were also employed in Venetia.
42:20We visited
42:22a Venetian restaurant.
42:28This is Lion Isador.
42:38It's good.
42:40It's very good.
42:42It's a little sour.
42:44It's sweet and sour.
42:46It's very good.
42:48What is the relationship
42:50between this dish
42:52and the Ottoman Empire?
42:54The relationship with the East
42:56is obvious.
42:58The presence of agrodolce
43:00for the maintenance
43:02of food and fish.
43:04The type of fish we use,
43:06the ostorhione,
43:08was caught in the Marcaspio
43:10in order from the East
43:12with the ships
43:14from France to Istanbul
43:16and Alexandria to Egypt.
43:26I thought
43:28star grapes were sweet,
43:30so I ate it.
43:32But it's very sour.
43:34It's sour.
43:36I think
43:38this sourness
43:40goes well with this dish.
43:42Star grapes
43:44are the key ingredient of the dish.
43:46The name in Venetia
43:48comes from
43:50Nurbano.
43:54We call it
43:56Uva Sultanina.
43:58The name derives
44:00from the origin of the
44:02sovereigns of the East
44:04who are still called
44:06sultans.
44:08Uva Sultanina
44:10is a product
44:12of the Middle East.
44:14The name Udo
44:16was used
44:18a lot
44:20because
44:22it was delicious.
44:28I want to bring
44:30something good.
44:32This dessert
44:34was also made
44:36with ingredients from the Ottoman Empire.
44:38What's on top
44:40of the ricotta cheese cake?
44:42Rose water.
44:44The ingredient
44:46that distinguishes
44:48the origin
44:50and affinity with the East.
45:04It smells
45:06very good.
45:12The royal white cake
45:14was liked
45:16by Pope Julius III.
45:20In the Middle Ages,
45:22the battle between
45:24the Roman Empire
45:26and Islam was fierce.
45:28But the relationship
45:30between Venetia
45:32and the Ottoman Empire
45:34was also fierce.
45:36There was something
45:38so delicious.
45:40When I eat
45:42delicious food,
45:44I feel friendly
45:46with the country
45:48and want to know more.
45:50I feel like
45:52I'm getting closer
45:54to eating the same food.
45:56The deal
45:58became close
46:00in exchange for war.
46:02We can say
46:04that Nurbanu Sultan
46:06contributed
46:08to the trade
46:10and economic situation
46:12of the Ottoman Empire.
46:14This is the first reason
46:16to contribute
46:18to the social sphere
46:20and meet
46:22the basic needs
46:24of the people.
46:26But the foundation
46:28Nurbanu Sultan
46:30used this budget
46:32in different areas.
46:34The hospital is one of them.
46:36The budget of the hospital
46:38is very important
46:40for the foundation.
46:42The building is a bit
46:44in the foreground
46:46because 2,000 people
46:48eat there every day.
46:50Nurbanu Memorial Hospital
46:52was built in the city
46:54of Istanbul.
46:56Until the end of the 19th century,
46:58both Muslim and non-Muslim
47:00men and women
47:02were treated
47:04for free
47:06and provided free medicine.
47:08Water was also distributed
47:10for free.
47:12Food was also distributed
47:14to 2,000 people
47:16per day.
47:18She said
47:20to everyone,
47:22I want to be
47:24as a mother
47:26as a mother
47:28to the society
47:30and to Istanbul.
47:32I don't need to
47:34take a step back.
47:36This facility
47:38was built
47:40in 1582.
47:42As you can see,
47:44Nurbanu
47:46will be demolished next year.
47:50The Venetian facility
47:52will also be demolished.
47:54This is what she said.
48:00Her kindness,
48:02kindness,
48:04and understanding
48:06have always protected
48:08the Venetian Republic.
48:10Everyone in the Republic
48:12knows you.
48:16Now,
48:18Nurbanu is being re-evaluated.
48:20The last thing
48:22the professor showed
48:24in the library
48:26was a handwritten letter
48:28from Nurbanu.
48:34Let's see this document.
48:36It's Ottoman this time.
48:38This document
48:40is not dated,
48:42but it has the signature.
48:44The signature
48:46says Valide Sultan.
48:48Moreover,
48:50if we look at
48:52this sheet,
48:54we see
48:56a filigree.
48:58This filigree
49:00often, probably
49:02also in this case,
49:04shows that the origin
49:06of this letter
49:08was Venetian.
49:10It's also interesting
49:12that the recipient
49:14of this letter
49:16was the Doge
49:18and the lords of Venice.
49:20This makes it clear
49:22that Nurbanu
49:24and in general in the Ottoman Empire
49:26knew perfectly well
49:28that Venice
49:30had an anomalous
49:32institutional structure
49:34compared to the rest
49:36of the European states,
49:38which were generally
49:40kingdoms, principalities.
49:42Venice was a republic.
49:44In three words,
49:46Nurbanu was aware
49:48that Venice was a republic.
49:50He said
49:52that
49:54certainly,
49:56especially in the last line,
49:58he would do everything
50:00so that the old friendship,
50:02the old friendship,
50:04could continue.
50:06Nurbanu used
50:08Venetian paper
50:10and sent a letter
50:12to Nurbanu.
50:14While Nurbanu
50:16ruled as a valide sultan,
50:18there was no war
50:20with Venice.
50:22As a result,
50:24the peace of the two countries
50:26lasted for 70 years.
50:30For the sake of peace,
50:32I did my best.
50:34It's not a lie,
50:36but the result
50:38was good.
50:40While Nurbanu
50:42himself said
50:44he did his best,
50:46I think
50:48he did his best.
50:50He was a Greek.
50:52He studied
50:54and learned well.
50:56During the war,
50:58he was kidnapped
51:00and brought to
51:02peace.
51:04He brought
51:06peace.
51:08What can I say?
51:10It was a great life.
51:12It was a great,
51:14great
51:16life.
51:26Nurbanu's bad reputation
51:28was created by people
51:30who hated that
51:32men and women
51:34were involved in politics.
51:36It's a waste
51:38to be remembered
51:40as a bad woman.
51:42She risked her life
51:44more skillfully than
51:46any other merchant
51:48and made a deal
51:50with the goddess of fate.
52:02Peace continued
52:04after the war.
52:06In 1644,
52:08the incident
52:10on Rhodes Island
52:12in the Mediterranean
52:14changed the situation.
52:18A group of Christians
52:20attacked a ship
52:22of the Ottoman Empire.
52:24At that time,
52:26they fled to Crete,
52:28which was ruled
52:30by Venice.
52:32One of the prisoners
52:34was the aunt of
52:36the prince of the Ottoman Empire.
52:40The Ottoman Empire
52:42surrounded Crete
52:44for revenge.
52:46The war lasted
52:48more than 20 years.
52:52The peace established
52:54during Nurbanu's time
52:56lasted for about 70 years,
52:58but it was broken.
53:02And in Venice,
53:04there was a man
53:06who left a great mark
53:08on history.
53:14This man
53:16was Francesco Morogini.
53:20Morogini was born
53:22to a noble family
53:24who exiled many Doges.
53:26He took the command
53:28to fight on Crete,
53:30but he surrendered
53:32to the Ottoman Empire.
53:36Out of humiliation,
53:38he issued
53:40a shocking order.
53:44He invaded Athens,
53:46which was ruled
53:48by the Ottoman Empire,
53:50and destroyed
53:52the Parthenon Temple,
53:54which was used
53:56as a weapon
53:58against the Ottomans.
54:04I've never heard of
54:06the Parthenon Temple being destroyed.
54:10Before I was born,
54:12I didn't know
54:14what was going on.
54:16If I hadn't learned
54:18about the history,
54:20I might have been destroyed.
54:24I should have read
54:26the history books.
54:32After the Parthenon Temple
54:34was destroyed,
54:36Morogini stole
54:38the flag of the Ottoman Empire
54:40and went to war.
54:44When I brought it back,
54:46I don't know
54:48how the citizens of Venice
54:50won the war.
54:52War is easy
54:54to start,
54:58but difficult
55:00to end.
55:06It's more difficult
55:08to end the war.
55:10It's difficult
55:12to maintain peace,
55:14but it's easy
55:16to end it.
55:18That's the difficulty.
55:28The war between Venice
55:30and the Ottoman Empire
55:32lasted until the 18th century.
55:36This war
55:38made the two countries at war.
55:40In 1797,
55:42Venice was
55:44conquered by Napoleon
55:46and the Republic of
55:48the Republic
55:50of Greece.
55:56On the other hand,
55:58the Ottoman Empire
56:00failed to modernize
56:02and lost wars
56:04with its people.
56:08Each year,
56:10the Ottoman Empire
56:12failed to regain
56:14The history of the Venetian and Ottoman Empires teaches us how easy it is for wars to break out.
56:23At the same time, it teaches us the preciousness of peace.
56:29At the end of the journey, we visited the Great Gorge that flows in the middle of Venice.
56:37This magnificent building on the opposite bank is called the Turkish Museum.
56:45It was originally a merchant's residence, but in 1621,
56:51exactly 70 years after Nuremberg was founded,
56:57it became a place of peace.
57:03Venice provided a residence for Ottoman merchants.
57:09Eventually, when the war broke out,
57:15they were ordered to leave,
57:21but in the end, it remained a Turkish facility until the 19th century.
57:29When there was no war, Turkish merchants would come here and stay overnight,
57:35and Venetian merchants would also come here.
57:40When there was no war, we invited each other to come here
57:47and do business.
57:51We became friends.
57:56Because I'm not an amateur,
58:02I don't want people to think I'm a bad person,
58:08and I don't want people to think I'm a tragedy.
58:14I want people to be happy, and I want people to help each other.
58:22Different people from different countries,
58:27but the same people.
58:31As long as we face each other as people,
58:36we can go beyond differences.
58:41History will tell us that.
58:52Episode 1
58:56Traveling alone in the heat of the world.
58:59Actor Yuriko Ishida visits Taiwan,
59:03the top runner in Asian animal protection.
59:06NHK BS, 8 p.m. on the 13th.
59:11Covers.
59:12Brafman's 30th Anniversary Live at NHK.
59:16Special Night.
59:20NHK BS, 8 p.m. on the 13th.
59:26BS Special.
59:2825 years since the Kosovo War.
59:31The violence that happened during the war.
59:34Survivors talk about it.
59:36Tonight at 10.45 p.m.
59:42The Nordic World Championships.
59:45A hot battle for the Olympics in Milan.
59:51NHK BS, 8 p.m.