Did you know our universe has scars that could hold the key to time travel? These cosmic scars, called cosmic strings, are massive, invisible cracks in space-time left over from the early universe. Scientists believe that if we could find and understand them, they might reveal ways to bend time itself! Some theories even suggest that traveling along these cosmic strings could let us jump between different moments in history. It sounds like science fiction, but top physicists are taking it seriously. If these scars really exist, they could change everything we know about time and space! Credit:
LISA-waves: By NASA, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10372273
CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/:
JRichardGott1989: By A. T. Service, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15490353
Sergey Avdeev: By Dmitry Rozhkov, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15075340
CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0:
LISA GW+ effect: By ND, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46983367
LISA motion: By ND, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46983210
M87 supermassive black hole: By EHT Collaboration, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=102736603
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LISA-waves: By NASA, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10372273
CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/:
JRichardGott1989: By A. T. Service, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15490353
Sergey Avdeev: By Dmitry Rozhkov, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15075340
CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0:
LISA GW+ effect: By ND, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46983367
LISA motion: By ND, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46983210
M87 supermassive black hole: By EHT Collaboration, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=102736603
Animation is created by Bright Side.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/
Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV
Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz
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https://www.eastnews.ru
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For more videos and articles visit:
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This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
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FunTranscript
00:00Guess what?
00:01The Universe can get actual scars, just like when you fall off a bike.
00:05Well, here's why.
00:07Before the Big Bang, the Universe was extremely hot, dense, and full of energy, and it seemed
00:12like everything was going well.
00:14Until that all changed about 13.8 billion years ago.
00:18Then the Universe exploded.
00:21After the blast, it expanded incredibly quickly.
00:24Our human brain can't even perceive how fast that expansion was.
00:28Sometime later, the Universe started cooling down.
00:31As it did, giant terrifying scars cutting through space-time appeared all over the place.
00:38And if we study these scars well, we can even get insight into time travel.
00:45These days we call these scars cosmic strings.
00:48They're like stretch marks that appear when the skin expands too quickly.
00:52Or we could also compare them to cracks that form in the ice when it freezes.
00:57These strings are likely very thin, about the size of a proton, a positively charged
01:02subatomic particle.
01:03Yes, subatomic means smaller than an atom.
01:07The strings are also extremely dense and can stretch for light-years.
01:11Now imagine these cosmic scars floating through space, not interacting much with their surroundings.
01:18When two cosmic strings pass each other, they could warp space-time in such a way that it
01:23creates a time machine.
01:25If you were to travel along a certain path around these strings, you would end up returning
01:30to your starting point at an earlier time, which is traveling back in time.
01:36Now let's admit it, this idea sounds like something from science fiction.
01:40But it's supported by cosmic string theory, and the math behind it seems to work.
01:45Unfortunately, no one has observed cosmic strings yet, so for now, it's still a theory.
01:52In 1991, one physicist proposed an idea for how cosmic strings could enable time travel.
01:59If two infinite cosmic strings passed each other in parallel, they would warp space-time,
02:05creating a time loop.
02:07This loop would allow someone to travel back in time.
02:10Even better, this idea doesn't contradict Einstein's theory of general relativity,
02:16which suggests that large objects can bend space and time.
02:20These bends in space-time could allow a shortcut through time.
02:24His now well-known concept of closed time loops also helps explain how wormholes might
02:30work.
02:31So a wormhole is basically a theoretical tunnel connecting one place in space to another.
02:37Some people believe that by using such tunnels, we could create shortcuts for incredibly long
02:42journeys through the universe, which would allow us to visit other star systems and galaxies.
02:48So let's say you managed to create a wormhole and even accelerate one of its ends to near
02:53the speed of light, and then you send it back to where it came from.
02:58Well, at that moment, those two ends are not synced anymore.
03:02One is in the past, while the other is in the future.
03:06And if you somehow managed to walk between them, you'd be time-traveling.
03:11You could do something similar by placing one end of the wormhole near a powerful gravitational
03:15field, like a black hole, and keeping the other side near a weaker gravitational force.
03:21This way, according to the theory of relativity, time would pass more slowly nearer to the
03:26strong gravity side, and it would allow a particle or another chunk of mass to remain
03:31in the past relative to the other side of the wormhole.
03:35At the same time, if you decided to create a wormhole, you'd have to keep in mind that
03:40they are super dangerous.
03:42They might collapse all of a sudden, they're likely to be highly radioactive, or you could
03:47come into contact with toxic exotic matter inside.
03:50But let's get back to the math behind the cosmic string time machine idea.
03:56Admittedly, it is solid.
03:58But it doesn't mean such a time machine is possible yet.
04:02To use this way of time travel, we'd need to reach near-light speed.
04:07And it might be impossible.
04:09According to Einstein's relativity, the faster an object travels, the more energy
04:13it needs to continue speeding up.
04:16In other words, we don't yet have the technology or energy sources to accelerate a spacecraft
04:21to these speeds.
04:24The idea of two infinite cosmic strings is also questionable because we can't create
04:29something that's infinitely long.
04:32So while this time travel model is mathematically sound, the infinite nature of the strings would
04:38make this exact model impractical.
04:41At the same time, some scientists still believe that cosmic strings are a better possibility
04:46than most other models, like wormholes.
04:50In any case, before we can start considering time travel, we need to discover cosmic strings.
04:56Luckily, there's a group of astronomers working to detect low-frequency gravitational
05:00waves by measuring signals from a type of star called a pulsar.
05:06Stars send out regular pulses of radio waves, and by measuring small changes in the timing
05:11of these pulses, scientists can detect subtle shifts in spacetime.
05:16Those changes are caused by gravitational waves, which are ripples in spacetime.
05:22So far, we've only detected gravitational waves coming from black holes.
05:27But in 2020, there was one strange signal that didn't look like it came from black
05:32holes.
05:33It could be coming from cosmic strings.
05:35And here, we need to mention string theory.
05:39According to Webb, the Universe is made up of more than just the four dimensions of spacetime.
05:44There are additional dimensions that are hidden from us.
05:47Plus, the basic building blocks of the Universe aren't particles, but tiny vibrating strings.
05:53These strings can vibrate at different frequencies to create different fundamental particles.
05:59These strings, from string theory, could have stretched out during the early Universe and
06:04become the very cosmic strings we've discussed.
06:07In the coming years, we might get more information about them from a space-based gravitational
06:12wave telescope called LISA.
06:14It's supposed to launch in 2035.
06:18But if the signals picked up in 2020 really came from cosmic strings, it could mean a
06:23huge breakthrough in physics.
06:26In this case, string theory would become the right framework for understanding the Universe.
06:31It would completely change the way we think about the building blocks of our reality.
06:36On the other hand, even if the signals don't turn out to be from cosmic strings, this discovery
06:42would still be important.
06:44It would give scientists more information on what cosmic string signals might look like
06:48in the future.
06:50And while we're not yet at the point of time travel, the discovery of cosmic strings
06:55could take us one step closer to understanding the mysteries of the Universe, and maybe even
07:00the possibility of traveling through time.
07:03Time travel is a popular theme in science fiction, but in fact, moving forward in time
07:08happens naturally.
07:10Right now, you are traveling into the future at a steady rate of 1 second per second.
07:16However, scientists have discovered that this rate can change depending on speed and gravity.
07:22Einstein's special theory of relativity explains that time slows down as an object
07:28moves faster.
07:29The closer you get to the speed of light, the more slowly time passes for you, compared
07:34to someone who isn't moving at all.
07:36The general theory of relativity adds another factor – gravity.
07:40The stronger the gravitational pull, the more slowly time moves.
07:45Near massive objects, such as the surface of a neutron star, black hole, or even Earth,
07:51time runs more slowly than it does far away from these space objects.
07:55If someone were to stay near the edge of a black hole, where gravity is incredibly
08:00strong, only a few hours might pass for them, while thousands of years would go by for people
08:06on Earth.
08:07If they returned, they would have effectively traveled into the future.
08:11This is a real and scientifically proven fact.
08:14A real-life example of time travel, though on a tiny scale, can be witnessed in space
08:20missions.
08:21For example, this cosmonaut spent a total of 748 days aboard the space station Mir during
08:27three separate missions.
08:29Because Mir was moving at high speeds relative to Earth, it experienced time dilation.
08:34As a result, he aged two hundredths of a second less than had he stayed on the ground.
08:40This difference may seem tiny, but it shows that time moves differently depending on speed
08:46and location.
08:47But while traveling to the future is scientifically possible, traveling to the past is much more
08:52complicated and controversial, and leads to logical paradoxes.
08:57Imagine you throw a billiard ball into a time machine.
09:00It travels to the past and collides with its earlier self.
09:04This prevents the ball from ever entering the time machine in the first place.
09:08A contradiction.
09:12That's it for today, so hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like
09:17and share it with your friends!
09:18Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side of life!