On A Découvert Des Tunnels Secrets À Partir Des Croquis de Léonard De Vinci

Sympa

Des chercheurs ont récemment découvert des passages souterrains cachés sous d'anciens bâtiments, correspondant aux dessins mystérieux de Léonard de Vinci. Ces tunnels auraient pu être des voies d'évasion, des ateliers secrets, ou même faire partie d'un système de défense caché. Certains pensent que de Vinci les avait planifiés pour la royauté ou des stratégies militaires, utilisant son génie pour créer quelque chose de bien en avance sur son temps. Certains de ces tunnels avaient été complètement oubliés pendant des siècles jusqu'à ce que des experts réussissent enfin à les relier à ses anciens croquis. Maintenant, les archéologues explorent plus en profondeur, espérant découvrir plus de secrets perdus de de Vinci !  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00Researchers have recently revealed secret passages designed by Leonardo da Vinci under a medieval Italian castle.

00:07By relying on a 15th century sketch attributed to the illustrious maestro of the Renaissance,

00:12a team of scientists from the University of Milan, associated with Codd-Vantech and the Sforza castle,

00:19has revealed an architectural wonder so far unexplored.

00:23The building of the Sforza castle began in 1358,

00:27but it was destroyed nearly a century later during a tumultuous succession.

00:31In 1450, Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan, began his reconstruction on the ruins of the old fortress.

00:38Upon his death, his son Ludovico continued the embellishment,

00:41appealing to the greatest artists of his time, including Leonardo da Vinci, to whom the frescoes were entrusted.

00:47Leonardo's paintings, still visible today in the Axis room, testify to his passage to the castle.

00:53During this period, he also recorded several underground passages hidden under the exterior wall.

01:00One of his sketches, dated between 1487 and 1486, was found at the Institut de France.

01:07Of remarkable precision, it attests not only to Leonardo's profound interest in military architecture,

01:13but also to his talent for documenting existing structures.

01:18The archives attest that Ludovico Sforza dug an underground passage

01:22leading directly to the Santa Maria del Grazi basilica, where his wife Beatrice d'Este rested.

01:29Their marriage, celebrated in 1491, was happy but tragically cut short when Beatrice died in labor in 1497.

01:39Overwhelmed by this loss, the Duke isolated himself for weeks,

01:42leaving his beard grown and no longer wearing black clothes as a sign of mourning.

01:47The secret tunnel, which was 800 meters long, allowed him to hide from the gaze.

01:53It could also have been used for evacuation in case of siege.

01:56For centuries, the existence of these underground passages remained one of the many mysteries of the Renaissance,

02:02no formal evidence confirming their presence.

02:06Scientists have finally raised the veil on this long-remained secret story.

02:10Thanks to a combination of ground penetration and laser scanning radars,

02:14they were able to reconstruct an extremely precise 3D model of the structures buried under the castle.

02:20They thus identified the tunnels mentioned by Leonardo da Vinci in his sketches,

02:25which may only have been a fragment of a vast underground network still unknown.

02:30Their ambition is to develop an integral digital copy of the castle,

02:34allowing to visualize not only the preserved constructions, but also those that have disappeared over time.

02:40They also intend to integrate augmented reality into virtual travel,

02:44in order to offer visitors an unprecedented immersion in the secret passages designed by Leonardo da Vinci.

02:50It remains uncertain that Leonardo directly contributed to the construction of the recently unveiled undergrounds,

02:56but his inventive genius is undoubted.

02:59In 1502, long before the era of photography and satellites, he designed one of the most precise maps of his time.

03:06At that time, Cesar Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI,

03:10called on him to make a remarkably detailed map of the city of Imola, located near Bologna.

03:16Until then, mapping lacked precision, lacking reliable methods, to transcribe distances at a reduced scale.

03:24Rather than developing truly practical maps,

03:27cartographers spent considerable time illuminating them with motifs such as dragons, roses, majestic castles, and all kinds of embellishments.

03:36These representations were more like pictorial works than real navigation instruments.

03:42However, Cesar Borgia was looking for a truly functional tool, and Leonardo then revolutionized mapping.

03:49If we compare Imola's satellite images to his plan today, the resemblance is striking.

03:54He faithfully transcribed each alley, each curve of the roads, and even the exact dimensions of the buildings.

04:00And he accomplished this feat entirely by hand, using only a pencil, a ruler, a compass, and a few of his own inventions.

04:08In order to collect all the necessary data, he wandered the streets for weeks,

04:13carrying a odometer, a large wheel that rotated according to his movements, and measured the distance traveled by means of a cable.

04:20He also relied on a magnetic compass to accurately determine the directions.

04:25He also developed an instrument called the compass, designed to measure angles within a circle.

04:32Thanks to this tool, he was able to precisely analyze the orientation of the streets,

04:37the size of the intersections, and the distance separating the dwellings from the main axes.

04:42Once inside, he relied on his notes and calculations to draw a map on a scale of remarkable precision.

04:50In his works, Leonardo also used a technique developed by the Florentine humanist Leon Battista Alberti.

04:57The latter had developed a method that allowed him to inscribe an entire city in a circle using polar coordinates.

05:04Eight straight lines converging to a single center represented the main directions of a compass.

05:10Leonardo applied this system to the cartography of Imola, dividing the city into eight sections and naming no building, even the most insignificant,

05:18which made his map one of the most advanced of his time.

05:21The illustrious inventor nourished an ambitious dream, to design a machine allowing man to fly.

05:28He carefully observed the birds, bats, and flying deer in order to understand their movement in the air,

05:33then he drew a flying machine, the ornithopter.

05:37According to him, by imitating these natural movements, humans could rise to the skies.

05:42His prototype evoked the appearance of a bat, with two large wings stretched out to a width exceeding 10 meters.

05:49To guarantee the balance between resistance and lightness, he envisaged making the armor out of pine wood and covering it with raw silk.

05:57The pilot of the machine had to lie flat on a wooden plank located in its center.

06:02The activation of the wings required a pedal linked to a system of rods and pulleys, while an additional crank allowed to increase the power.

06:12An aerodynamic helmet also served to ensure the control of the aircraft.

06:17By synchronizing the movements of his hands and feet, the pilot could make the wings beat and rotate, like a flying bird.

06:25However, a major obstacle remained.

06:28Human strength was not enough to generate the necessary lift when taking off.

06:32If the machine had been able to operate once at an altitude, it was impossible for a single individual to raise it from the ground.

06:39Léonard was probably aware of this, but his concept nevertheless influenced the design of the flying machines imagined a few centuries later.

06:47Léonard de Vinci was ahead of his time with many of his inventions, but his concept of a humanoid machine was distinguished by its visionary character.

06:55Under the patronage of the Sforza family, known in particular for the construction of the old tunnels,

07:01he imagined a mechanical knight capable of moving his arms, pivoting his head, and even opening and closing his mouth.

07:08His mastery of the anatomy and mechanisms of body movement allowed him to design this unique machine.

07:14Its operation relied on an external cable system, operated by a crank and completed by a set of internal gears.

07:23About 450 years later, in the 1950s, the sketches detailed by Vinci's mechanical knight were rediscovered.

07:31Researchers then attempted to recreate this robot from original drawings.

07:36In 2002, a roboticist named Mark Rothsheim, who had worked for NASA and Lockheed Martin,

07:42was inspired by his old notes to design a functional model of Vinci's mechanical knight.

07:47Another project designed by Léonard for the Sforza Duke was an innovative bridge, thought to be removable and easily transportable.

07:54Destined for troops in the countryside, having to cross rivers and dunes, this bridge was designed to pivot above water and land on the other bank.

08:04It was equipped with wheels and an ingenious system of ropes and pulleys, allowing it to be mounted and folded just as quickly.

08:11To ensure stability, it was designed to add a specific counterweight.

08:15In his notes, Léonard described his bridge as light but solid, and designed several variants for the Duke.

08:22Among his other creations was a model of ultra-fast-assembly bridge, designed to allow troops to cross several streams of water successively.

08:31While scientists continue to explore the secret passages imagined by Léonard de Vinci, new aspects of human history emerge.

08:39Who knows what other architectural wonders are still to be discovered?

Category

Transcript

Recommended