Stonehenge a toujours été un mystère, mais maintenant il y a une énigme encore plus grande—on a trouvé des maisons anciennes à proximité, et elles ne devraient pas être là ! 🏡🧐 Des archéologues ont découvert un village caché près des célèbres pierres, soulevant des questions sur qui y vivait et pourquoi. Ces maisons suggèrent que Stonehenge n’était pas seulement un monument—il pourrait avoir fait partie d'une communauté florissante ! 🏺🔥 Mais voici le dilemme : l'âge et le but de la colonie ne correspondent pas à ce que nous pensions savoir sur le site. 🤯 Cette découverte pourrait-elle réécrire l'histoire de Stonehenge et révéler son véritable but ? Regardez maintenant et découvrez les secrets cachés sous les pierres anciennes ! 🔎✨ Animation créée par Sympa.
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Nos réseaux sociaux :
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FunTranscript
00:00Stonehenge required nearly 20 million hours of work to be built.
00:05As a comparison, a Lambda individual lives more than 700,000 hours.
00:10Here is Jack, one of Stonehenge's very first builders.
00:14Let's assume that Jack reached the age of 80, a highly improbable hypothesis, but which simplifies our calculations.
00:21If Jack had dedicated all his life, from his birth until his 80s, to the construction of Stonehenge,
00:28it would have taken about 28 and a half generations of workers, perpetuating this effort to complete the work.
00:34It's practically impossible.
00:36To make this estimate more plausible, let's double this figure.
00:39After all, Jack would probably not have dedicated his entire life to carrying stones, and he certainly did not reach such an advanced age.
00:46We thus come to nearly 57 generations necessary to build Stonehenge.
00:51Unfortunately, we don't have enough space on the screen to introduce you to John,
00:54the back, back, back, back, little son of Jack, but you get the idea.
00:59It all started about 5,000 years ago, with a simple dirt rampart and a circular ditch.
01:05Then, around 2600 BC, the builders replaced this primitive structure
01:11with a more elaborate wooden roundabout,
01:14and walked from the country of Gaul a few 80 blocks of dolerite, which they rearranged at least three times.
01:21A few centuries later, they added these impressive Sarsen stones, each weighing about 25 tons.
01:28These massive blocks of clay were transported over nearly 30 kilometers to form a continuous outer circle,
01:35while five trillites, two straight stones, topped with a lintel, formed an iron structure in its center.
01:42This site, extending over a millennium, required innumerable years of work.
01:47We can therefore assume that the workers lived nearby.
01:50But under what conditions could they live?
01:53Nowadays, the workers have small temporary dwellings on site, if necessary.
01:58But did such structures really exist at the time Stonehenge was built?
02:03Well, yes, and recent archaeological discoveries on the outskirts of Stonehenge provide proof of this.
02:09Excavations have revealed an eco-house dating from the Stone Age,
02:13a find of great importance since it is one of the oldest habitats known in the region.
02:18This mesolithic residence, recently built, dates back to around 8300 BC.
02:24Let's take a closer look.
02:26To build the walls, the inhabitants of the time relied on a fallen tree, more precisely on its trunk.
02:32Its wooden walls were consolidated with silex, and they even took care to pave the cavity left by the tree of the roots.
02:40As for the roof, they used animal skins,
02:43a wise choice that should provide effective protection against the capricious climate of the British Isles.
02:49You may be wondering how these builders were able to face the rigors of the British climate, especially during the winter.
02:56The answer is simple.
02:58A home was built on site, which is not surprising in itself.
03:02But the system used to heat the habitat proved to be particularly ingenious.
03:06Placing a home directly inside the house would have been too dangerous.
03:11But introducing heated stones was not a risk.
03:14While remaining warm, they could not cause a fire.
03:18So they used thermal tanks to maintain a pleasant heat during the night.
03:23To perfect their layout, they even added some decorative stones.
03:27Of course, this was not Versailles.
03:30But their home undoubtedly had a certain elegance.
03:33If you think that this discovery concerns only the habitats, you are wrong.
03:37It disrupts our understanding of the way of life of this time.
03:41By placing these populations in an essential prehistoric setting,
03:45from the beginning of the Neolithic,
03:47it raises fascinating questions about a possible link between these first inhabitants and the Stonehenge builders.
03:53But a concern persists.
03:55Experts are concerned that this site, as well as other archaeological remains buried there,
04:01could be put at risk if the authorities maintain their tunnel project
04:05aiming to divert the 303,
04:07by making it pass under this site classified as a World Heritage Site.
04:11Of course, the house built by the scientists was not perfectly preserved,
04:15and presented several essential shortcomings for everyday life.
04:19Some elements had disappeared over time, while others were simply absent.
04:24Also, the researchers undertook to recreate these 4,500-year-old habitats.
04:29To do this, they used 20 tons of chalk,
04:325,000 straws and 3 tons of straw.
04:35These reconstitutions were erected near Stonehenge.
04:39A real feat when you know how difficult it is to obtain a building permit,
04:44even for a simple step.
04:46So, what do these houses look like?
04:49First of all, there are four, all oval-shaped.
04:52They are based on the foundations of real habitats
04:55that stood at this site about 4,500 years ago,
04:59precisely at the time when Stonehenge's co-houses were under construction.
05:03The habitats are modest in size, limiting themselves to a single room.
05:07Determining their dimensions turned out to be relatively simple,
05:10since the size of the roof and the height of the walls could be estimated from the foundations.
05:15Each side measures about 5 meters.
05:18However, the exact structure of the roof remains an enigma.
05:21At the time, several chalk-based techniques were used,
05:24making it difficult to identify the exact one used here.
05:28For now, the most likely hypothesis is that of a woven or attached straw roof,
05:34firmly fixed to a frame of braided tiles.
05:37When the house is lit, the smoke rises naturally through the chalk.
05:41The 20 tons of chalk were used to cover the floors and walls.
05:45This white surface reflects the sunlight and retains the heat of the fire.
05:50However, an unexpected problem has arisen.
05:53The soil, saturated with water, has considerably delayed drying.
05:58While the chalk would have to harden in a few days,
06:01some parts of the soil have remained sticky for weeks,
06:04a bit like chewing gum.
06:06There is no doubt that the builders of 4,500 years ago had to face similar difficulties,
06:12which makes it possible to appreciate at its fair value the labor required to build these habitats.
06:17To obtain a smooth and almost shiny finish,
06:20the last layer of fabric was applied with rags,
06:23giving the walls an amazingly refined appearance.
06:26The interior is furnished with wooden and steel beds and shelves,
06:30as well as clay pots, all organized around a welcoming home.
06:34The whole gives an impression of space and bathes in a natural light
06:38that passes through the chalk roof before reflecting on the white walls.
06:42The woven furniture, on the other hand, brings a touch of authenticity.
06:45Fires were lit to prepare a first meal.
06:49Bread made from ground flour on a stone mill, right next to the home.
06:54Those who tasted it were pleasantly surprised by its flavor.
06:57Slight disappointment.
06:59Those who recreated these habitats cheated a bit.
07:02Of course, the materials are faithful to those of origin,
07:05but the tools used are not.
07:07They used concrete mixers to mix the torch,
07:10planks to transport the wood,
07:12and steel axes to split the logs near the latrine,
07:15rather than stone tools.
07:17It should be remembered, however, that these builders are not experts,
07:20but volunteers.
07:22In these conditions, a small twist to the techniques of yesteryear seems quite forgivable.
07:26Moreover, other volunteers present on the site are delighted to share their knowledge
07:31on the daily tasks of Stonehenge builders,
07:34whether it is to grind the grain or to weave rope.
07:37But these rubbles are not the only notable discoveries of the Stonehenge region.
07:41A few years ago, archaeologists set up a funerary site
07:45which precedes even the construction of the famous monument.
07:48This long neolithic tumulus, dating from about 5600 to 5700 years,
07:53would have welcomed the remains of some of the first inhabitants of Great Britain.
07:57Its existence was revealed by aerial images
08:00showing its characteristic footprint under the cultures.
08:03The Salisbury Plain is full of ancient remains.
08:06Including Stonehenge, various tumulus and other monuments.
08:10Saved by the upheavals over the centuries,
08:13it has been able to preserve a remarkable amount of prehistoric structures.
08:17This discovery also illustrates a major transition in the human way of life,
08:22marking the passage from nomadism to a sedentarization based on agriculture and farming.
08:27A way of life that echoes that reconstituted in the eco-house.
08:31The tumulus in question is about 26 meters long and 20 meters wide.
08:36Although erosion and agriculture have made a large part of its structure disappear.
08:42If these characteristics are similar to those of other graveyards in the region,
08:47it could contain the remains of 30 to 50 individuals.
08:51As well as cow skulls, whose importance for these ancient communities is no doubt.