Des experts ont déchiffré les sons mystérieux provenant des eaux glacées de l'Antarctique, et les résultats sont plutôt surprenants. Il s'avère que ces bruits étranges sont causés par le déplacement de la glace, des séismes sous-marins et même de minuscules créatures marines émettant des sons que nous ne pouvons normalement pas entendre. Les immenses nappes de glace grincent et gémissent en se déplaçant, créant des bruits profonds et grondants qui se propagent sur des kilomètres. Certains de ces sons sont également liés au changement climatique, car les glaciers en fusion libèrent de l'air et de l'eau emprisonnés sous forme de brusques dégagements. Les scientifiques utilisent désormais ces sons pour suivre la vitesse de fonte de la glace et les changements dans l'océan. Ce qui ressemblait autrefois à quelque chose sorti d'un film de science-fiction nous fournit en fait des indices cruciaux sur l'avenir de notre planète! Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00You plunge into the icy and dark waters of the Antarctic.
00:05A bluish darkness, almost supernatural, envelops you, evoking the immensity of space.
00:12In these inhospitable depths, where you would never expect to meet a living soul,
00:18a sudden and strange noise arises.
00:21A cry similar to that of a huge duck quacking in the abyss.
00:26In 1960, researchers captured for the first time this enigmatic sound,
00:31which they named Bioduck.
00:33An ingenious choice.
00:35For decades, they searched to unravel the mystery of its origin.
00:39Was it a kraken, a space ship lost at the bottom of the sea,
00:43an unknown marine creature, or a colossal duck?
00:46The hypotheses, all more fantastic than the others, multiplied.
00:52Oceanographers found similar sounds in other regions.
00:56Not far from the west coast of Australia, and on the shores of New Zealand,
01:00they recorded similar signals, although higher, which they named Biogoose.
01:06With such names, the strange and mysterious atmosphere of this story seems to fade away.
01:12These sounds, however, were not isolated events, but reproduced at regular intervals.
01:17The frequency of emissions suggested a lot of mechanical origin.
01:21However, the study of oceans during the second half of the 20th century
01:26was trapped by the technological limits of the time.
01:29Despite these challenges, researchers continued their research on Bioduck and Biogoose,
01:34driven by an insatiable scientific curiosity.
01:40Over the years, the accumulation of data fueled speculations,
01:44until researchers finally unraveled the mystery.
01:47Bioduck turned out to be a form of biological communication.
01:51By observing these repeated signals, scientists noticed that they never overlapped.
01:56When one source spoke, the others remained silent.
02:00This suggested a structured communication.
02:04The question then remained to know which marine creature used such a system,
02:09based on sound frequency variations.
02:12The answer, as some had guessed, was whales.
02:16Scientists compared the Bioduck sound of the Antarctic to the calls of mink whales,
02:21and found striking similarities.
02:24The Biogoose sounds recorded off the coast of Australia and New Zealand
02:28seemed to come from other species, or from young mink whales.
02:32However, this discovery only amplified the mystery.
02:35What could be the role of these sounds?
02:37Did the whales discuss their meals?
02:40Did they make fun of the humans who recorded their voices?
02:43Or did they exchange philosophical thoughts about the universe?
02:46The possibilities were endless.
02:49But the most fascinating revelation was the idea that humanity could, one day,
02:54communicate with these majestic creatures.
02:57Communicating with whales is no longer a utopia.
03:01Researchers from the University of California have already established a contact with a humpback whale,
03:06named Twain.
03:07During an innovative experiment,
03:09they managed to hold a 20-minute conversation with this marine mammal.
03:14Here are the steps they followed.
03:17The specialists went on an expedition to the Alaskan coast,
03:21where they captured the sounds of a group of humpback whales.
03:24They then broadcasted these recordings via loudspeakers in the ocean.
03:29The sounds were like a kind of greeting,
03:32an equivalent of,
03:33hi, how are you,
03:34in the language of whales.
03:36These exchanges are generally used by whales to call or indicate their position.
03:42Shortly after sending the signals,
03:44the researchers received an answer.
03:46Twain approached the boat,
03:48bypassed it,
03:49and replied with a,
03:51hi,
03:52in his own way.
03:55This was the beginning of the first real conversation between a whale and humans.
04:00For 20 minutes,
04:01the researchers transmitted 36 signals to Twain,
04:04and she answered each time.
04:06She even followed the intervals before answering.
04:09In concrete terms,
04:10the team waited 10 seconds after each answer before sending a new signal.
04:14It seems that Twain was a particularly attentive interlocutor.
04:18Was she a wave of the soul of the oceans?
04:20Who knows?
04:22Or maybe she was simply intrigued by this unusual interaction.
04:27The signals used came from a group of whales to which Twain belonged.
04:32It is likely that the researchers used Twain's own recordings to communicate with her.
04:38In a way,
04:39Twain was talking to herself.
04:42Let's continue our journey and dive into the deepest ocean pit on the globe,
04:47the Marian pit.
04:50This immense gulf,
04:51located in the south of Japan,
04:53extends over 2,400 km
04:55and reaches a vertiginous depth of nearly 11,000 m at its lowest point.
05:00To give you an idea of this scale,
05:02the height of the Burj Khalifa,
05:04the highest skyscraper in the world,
05:06represents just a tenth of this depth.
05:09Now imagine this.
05:11In this abyssal darkness,
05:13researchers captured a singular sound.
05:22Contrary to the biodeck,
05:23this sound evoked a science fiction atmosphere.
05:27With a deafening rumble followed by a metallic ping,
05:34similar to the sounds of spaceships in the movies.
05:38Scientists have nicknamed this mysterious phenomenon
05:41the Biot-Wang sounds.
05:43This unusual sound was detected for the first time in 2014
05:47during an acoustic study carried out in the Marian pit.
05:50The researchers quickly located its origin.
05:53Whales,
05:54more precisely, the Bride's orcas.
05:57Thanks to artificial intelligence,
05:59they analyzed nearly 200,000 hours of marine recording
06:02and identified correspondences with a group of these orcas.
06:07Like many animal species,
06:09these whales use sounds to communicate.
06:12But guess what we also discovered at the bottom of the Marian pit?
06:16A plastic bottle.
06:18No need to accuse a Kraken, a whale or any mythical creature.
06:22This bottle is, unsurprisingly, the fruit of human activity.
06:26But this subject deserves a full video.
06:30Now let's move on to another intriguing sound.
06:33This time, it is not a whale,
06:35but a mysterious sound recorded in the most isolated corner of the planet.
06:40This site is called Point Nemo,
06:42and its solitude is legendary.
06:44Located in the South Pacific Ocean,
06:46Point Nemo is the most remote place on Earth.
06:49The closest island, located at 2,700 km.
06:52No matter the direction, this distance remains about the same.
06:56In addition, this isolation is accentuated by the almost total absence of marine life,
07:01because the marine currents, and therefore the nutrients, are extremely rare there.
07:05In a way, Point Nemo is a real aquatic desert.
07:09Thus, in 1997,
07:11oceanographers captured a strange and disturbing sound
07:14coming from the depths on board Point Nemo.
07:20This sound, as colossal as disturbing,
07:23was nicknamed the Bloop.
07:26When journalists learned of the phenomenon,
07:29extravagant theories emerged around the world.
07:33The most popular suggested that a gigantic sea monster,
07:36perhaps a Kraken or another mythical creature,
07:40was at the origin of this sound.
07:42However, the craze for the Bloop did not last,
07:45because scientists eventually elucidated the cause.
07:49It turned out that the origin of the Bloop was an iceberg.
07:53When these masses of ice crack and collapse,
07:56they produce sounds at very low frequencies,
07:59which can be detected at great distances.
08:02To verify this hypothesis,
08:04researchers recorded other icebergs,
08:07and heard similar sounds.
08:10By the way, Point Nemo is so isolated
08:13that space agencies abandon their satellites there at the end of their lives.
08:17These objects simply fall into the ocean,
08:20with a 99% chance that no human or animal
08:23is affected by the debris.
08:26This is why this place is nicknamed the Satellite Cemetery.
08:30But what would happen if an alien ship
08:33fell into Point Nemo one day?
08:35And if it had already fallen there
08:37and sometimes sent distress signals across the ocean?
08:43All the mysteries mentioned so far have been resolved.
08:46What would you say to end this video with an unexplained phenomenon?
08:51Here is Upsweep,
08:53one of the most enigmatic sounds ever recorded in the ocean.
08:58This noise is made up of a series of ascending and short tones,
09:01repeated at intervals of a few seconds.
09:05The sound was detected for the first time in 1991
09:08thanks to hydrophones deployed in the Pacific Ocean.
09:13Initially, oceanographers assumed
09:16that it could be linked to a volcanic activity
09:19or to underwater earthquakes.
09:21However, the seasonal nature of the sound
09:24and the variations in its intensity depending on the period of the year
09:27quickly invalidated these hypotheses.
09:30Researchers then explored biological theories
09:33and reported their attention to the migrations
09:36and behaviors of marine animals over the seasons.
09:40Despite all these attempts,
09:42the origin of Upsweep remains unknown.
09:45Some studies emit the hypothesis
09:47that it could be linked to species of fish
09:50or other marine creatures using these sounds
09:53to communicate or navigate.
09:55But no proof has yet been provided to this day.